To what extend do you agree with Robert Cox that theory is always for Essay

To what extend do you agree with Robert Cox that theory is always for someone and for some purpose - Essay Example In the next part, to give a supportive argument I discussed some popular theories critically and finally I made a conclusion on the basis of my overall discussion. Theory is a plausible or scientifically acceptable general principle or body of principles offered to explain phenomena. In other words, it is the general or abstract principles of a body of fact. The Goals of theory's are: In the statement, the word "someone" used by Cox doesn't mean a single person such as he/she. The word "someone" is used here to indicate the whole in one entity such as a nation, segment, and industry etc. To justify that the statement given by Cox is absolute a little example is sufficient, as God made this world with a purpose, also for his creature. The purpose is that he wants to test his creature (human) until the Day of Judgment and to fulfill this purpose he create this earth and other creatures for human. The stakeholder theory is a theory of organizational management and business ethics that addresses morals and values in managing an organization.1 It was originally detailed by R. Edward Freeman in the book Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach, and identifies and models the groups which are stakeholders of a corporation, and both describes and recommends methods by which management can give due regard to the interests of those groups. In the traditional view of the firm, the sharehol... (the only one recognized in business law in most countries), the shareholders or stockholders are the owners of the company, and the firm has a binding fiduciary duty to put their needs first, to increase value for them. In older input-output models of the corporation, the firm converts the inputs of investors, employees, and suppliers into usable (salable) outputs which customers buy, thereby returning some capital benefit to the firm. By this model, firms only address the needs and wishes of those four parties: investors, employees, suppliers, and customers. However, stakeholder theory argues that there are other parties involved, including governmental bodies, political groups, trade associations, trade unions, communities, associated corporations, prospective employees, prospective customers, and the public at large. Sometimes even competitors are counted as stakeholders. The stakeholder view of strategy is an instrumental theory of the corporation, integrating both the resource-based view as well as the market-based view, and adding a socio-political level. This view of the firm is used to define the specific stakeholders of a corporation (the normative theory (Donaldson) of stakeholder identification) as well as examine the conditions under which these parties should be treated as stakeholders (the descriptive theory of stakeholder salience).nDonaldson and Preston argue that the normative base of the theory, including the "identification of moral or philosophical guidelines for the operation and management of the corporation", is the core of the theory.2 Mitchell, et al derive a typology of stakeholders based on the attributes of power (the extent a party has means to impose its will in a relationship), legitimacy (socially accepted and expected structures or

Personal Responsibility vs Corporate Responsibility Essay Example for Free

Personal Responsibility vs Corporate Responsibility Essay The question has been asked before and I believe it will continue to be asked for many years to come†¦what is the difference between personal responsibility and corporate responsibility? According to business dictionary personal responsibility is The obligation of an organizations management towards the welfare and interests of the society in which it operates. A company by the name of Symantec, defines corporate responsibility as the way in which we operate with full attention to and respect for ethics, the environment, and a commitment to positive social impact. There are moments where it’s hard to distinguish. It doesn’t seem like there is a clear line distinguishing the differences†¦at least to some. It’s our responsibility to make the best decisions possible for ourselves. Nobody is going to know what’s best for us than ourselves. In the movie Supersize me it goes to prove that the food industry is not going to make the decisions that are in our best interest. McDonalds in my eyes is one of those companies that is seems to be more interested in the profit being made by selling big macs than helping the â€Å"fat kid† become healthier so he can stop getting bullied by other children. I don’t believe it’s the industries responsibility to educate us about what we choose to eat. That’s our individual responsibility. We need to educate ourselves and decide what type of lifestyle we want to live. I believe part of the issue is the fact that our society can’t always take responsibility for their actions. Of course if you eat fast food 3 times a day you’re going to get fat and sick. Most people know that†¦or at least reasonable people. The daily recommended caloric intake is 2,000 calories. Let’s take a closer look†¦let’s say you order a double cheese burger 440 calories, medium fries 380 calories, oh and let’s not forget your medium coke at 210 calories. That’s a total of 1,030 calories. That’s more than half of the recommended intake! Another thing to keep in mind is the fact that the recommended caloric intake of 2,000 caloric intake is not for everyone. Caloric intake is based on a person’s weight and height. I know personally I’m not big enough to be able to consume 2,000 calories and not gain weight. We need to remember that we need to eat to live and shouldn’t live to eat. I believe that if enough people educate themselves†¦ourselves about how to properly eat a balanced meal then there would be a greater demand for the corporate industry to give us what we need. What I personally do think the food industry does need to do is change the way they do business.

Canadian Involvement in the Suez Crisis :: Canadian Canada History

Canadian Involvement in the Suez Crisis Eleven years after the second world war, a crisis occurred which had the potential to escalate into a third world war. Hostilities ran high and the background causes that prompted this crisis contained the same fundamentals as were seen in the first and second world wars. Those being militarism, alliances, imperialism and nationalism; wrought by those countries that had an interest in the Suez Canal and the Arab states. In the world of superpowers in conflict, Canada made a name for itself through an innovative peacekeeping scheme, instead of aggression (Encyclopedia Britannica Online, 1999-2000). If Canada had not become involved in the Suez Crisis, as a neutral party, it could have escalated into a world war. The three components which add up to the conclusion of the Suez Crisis and a bench mark for Canada and world peacekeeping are: Canada's choice for those countries directly involved in the crisis, Canada's choice for involvement, and Canada's resolution of the United Nations Em ergency Force, which would put a stop to a possible world war. In the Middle East, by July 1956, tensions were rising. The Egyptians were denied funds from the Us, Britain and the World Bank for the creation of their Aswan dam to affiliation with the Soviet Union. In desperate need of funds for the dam project, the Egyptian government had nationalize the Suez Canal Company, froze its assets in Egypt, and proposed to use canal tolls to pay for the dam (Hillmer, 1999, p. 226). In fear of the Egyptians cutting off the transportation of Arabian oil and Asian goods, the British, French, and Israel secretly planned an attack on Egypt. Meanwhile, the Israelis and the Arab states, including Egypt, were having an arms race. Israel was concerned with self-preservation while the Arabs, who had opposed Israel's creation, wanted to destroy it. The Americans opposed the British, French, and Israeli invasion of Egypt because it didn't want to offend the Arab states where US oil companies were drilling. On the other hand, the US was wiling to supply Israel with weapons if the Soviet Union sent arms to the Egyptians. Such military support could inevitably have lead to a nuclear war. Through ties with Britain, Canada was expected to aid in the invasion pf Egypt but Canada was reluctant and saw how much actions might put their relationship with the Americans in danger.

Apush Native American Essay

The United States government used many different techniques to remove Indians from Western lands so they could use it for their own selfish needs. Some of these methods were clearly harmful, while others were written to seem reasonable and helpful. Nomadic Indians were finding it hard to live due to declining bison herds and deteriorating grasslands. This situation was made worse by thousands of pioneers pouring into the west because of the new discovery of silver and gold in the Rocky Mountains. The government attempted to solve this problem by creating a structure of smaller reservations for Indians. They would use force if necessary. The Indian’s responses varied from tribe to tribe. The Pueblos, Crows, and Hidastas happily and obligingly adjusted to their new life. Others felt differently, however. The Navajos and the Sioux strongly opposed the new reservations, but failed in the end. Ten years later, eight new western reservations had been established. Many Great Plains tribes retaliated faced the U. S. army in a series of battles for the West. Similarly, soldiers who were a part of the local militia destroyed Cheyenne and Arapaho camps, who responded with many attacks on travelers. The governor of Colorado authorized white citizens to find and kill and hostile Indians. He then ordered a set of troops to massacre a peaceful group of Indians, including women and children, at Sand Creek. These Indians had originally believed they would be protected by federal troops. This massacre and others that were similar revitalized debate over federal Indian policy. In 1867, Congress sent a peace commission to end the disputes. They set aside two large land reserves, hoping the tribes living there would take up farming and convert to Christianity. Although hidden, here it is clear that one of the government’s main goals was assimilation. The plan seemed to be successful at first. Most Indians believed that they were not meant to live like the â€Å"white man. † They were given hunting grounds and animals to hunt by God, and that was the way they wished to live their lives. Indians with these beliefs did not move to the reservations or refused to remain on them once there. Hoping to take a stand against the reservations, war parties of angry Cheyennes, Arapahos and Sioux raided ettlements in Kansas and Colorado, setting fire to homes and killing white men. Army troops responded by sending army troops to attack, even the peaceful ones. That same fall, Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer’s raiding party struck a Cheyenne village at night, killing over a hundred men, shooting their horses, and taking women and children as prisoners. In 1871, Congress decided that the treaty making process was not workin g, and they began to only send out executive orders and acts. This set off a series of retaliations from the Indians. In 1874, southern Plains Indians started the Red River War. This particular war ended badly for the Indians, who ended up losing their independence. Soon after, in Arizona and New Mexico, the Apaches fought a guerrilla war until surrendering in 1886. All of these battles and conflicts were truly horrible, but none compare to the battles fought in by the western Sioux tribes. To protect their sacred hunting grounds, they raided near by non- Indian settlements, intimidated federal government workers, and harassed anyone else who came onto their land. In 1874, the government took action against these Indians by sending a force led by Colonel George Armstrong Custer into the Black Hills of South Dakota. Negotiations to buy this area had been broken because the Indians were asking for too high of a price, therefore Custer’s new goal was to drive the Indians out of this area. Indians still outside the reservations would be hunted down and taken in by force. The battle fought in this land in June 1876 was a great unexpected Indian victory, which only angered and motivated the U. S. army more. Indians were chased down and imprisoned, but most refused to cooperate. Many Indians created dramatic escapes, such as a group following a Dull Knife, who shot the guards and broke away for freedom. Small efforts such as these proved that the Indians were going to keep on fighting for as long as possible. The government’s continual habits of breaking their treaties led to a number of groups and societies devoted to Indian’s rights. The Women’s National Indian Rights Association was founded in 1883, along with other groups with similar causes. Helen Hunt Jackson published A Century of Dishonor, which promoted public opinion against the broken treaties. Many white Americans began new reform movements of creating schools for Indians. Their main goal was to stamp out their Indian identities. Despite these goals, the movements often backfired. The Indians would learn the english language and how to farm, but still had the Indian inside of them. In addition to the schools, many people believed the Indians would be better off if their reservations were broken up, gradually incorporating them in society by giving them the rights of citizens. Most of these people genuinely wanted to help the Indians. This division of reservations was enforced by the Dawes Severalty Act.

Crowdfunding: Revolutionizing the Investment Essay

In April 2012, President Obama signed the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act into legislation, (potentially) allowing small startup companies to gain investment from private individuals through crowdfunding. This case study explores the viability of crowdfunding as a means of investment, its advantages and disadvantages, its utilization thus far, and its potential success going forward. Features and benefits * MarketLine Case Studies describe topics such as innovative products, business models, and significant company acquisitions. * Fact-based and presented in an accessible style, they explain the rationale of commercial decisions and illustrate wider market and economic trends. Highlights In recent years, crowdfunding websites such as Kickstarter have seen a dramatic increase in activity as the trend has gained momentum. As a result, the number of crowdfunding platforms is on the rise, and such enterprises are beginning to see their business models change in accordance with the future direction of this burgeoning new industry. Advantages of crowdfunding include the fact that it offers a much larger pool of investors from which startups and entrepreneurs are able to raise capital. Additionally, crowdfunding lessens the risk of bringing a new product to market, and enables startups to benefit from large-scale brand and product exposure. Crowdfunding ventures, such as the Pebble Watch, which launched on Kickstarter, have shown the potential rewards of a successful crowdfunding campaign, although this example also serves to exemplify the drawbacks of such a means of raising capital. Your key questions answered * What are the potential implications of the JOBS Act? * What are the advantages and disadvantages of crowdfunding initiatives? * How successful have crowdfunding initiatives been thus far? * What impact is crowdfunding likely to have on the traditional investment landscape

Hegemony and Ideology

Hegemony and Ideology The media plays a pivotal role in defining the world and providing models for appropriate behavior and attitudes. Ideology has a link with concepts such as belief system, worldview and values, but is broader in context. The media is considered to be an avenue through which dissemination of ideology takes place. Hence, this is one reason why the media is often a subject of political debate.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Hegemony and Ideology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The media is deemed a root of social evils and problems. In his campaign trail of 2000, President George W. Bush alleged that school violence was due to â€Å"dark dungeons of evil on the internet† (Kornblut and Scales cited in Croteau Hoynes 2003). Also, politicians from across the political realm blamed violent video games for the tragic shootings at Colorado Columbine High School in 1999. The media thus is perceived to sell both ideas and products and this paper will discuss how the media effectively achieves this by paying attention to ideology and hegemony. As shown by Marx and Frankfurt, ideology yields positive results by indicating that social power is operational via the cultural realm of society. People are grouped into social networks of oppression and subordination by ideological systems (Cottle 2000). Marxists often talk of ideology as a belief system used by those in power to justify their actions though distortion and misrepresentation of reality. Media uses ideology as a means to define and explain the world, and make value inferences on this world. Ideology in media does not focus on specific activities shown in newspapers, songs, or movies, rather it is interested in the broader system made up by such activities. Compatibility of images and words in a certain media text, thoughts and definitions of cultural and social issues are fundamental in ideological analysis (Croteau Hoynes 2003). Despite th e fact that mass media texts are comprehended ideologically as means of communication that have a higher regard for some set of ideas and not others, an explicit description of media ideology remains limited. Hegemony on the other hand deals with predominant influence of one group over other groups/group.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fiske defined hegemony as â€Å"exertion of a nation’s ideological and social, rather than military or coercive, power over another nation† (Fiske 1998, 310). In contemporary cultural society, hegemony is the dynamic means used by a dominant class to obtain and win the consent of the subordinate class. Ideology is very powerful because it is the means through which dominance of hegemonic institutions is gained. Therefore, consent should be won and re-won because courageous individuals may possess alternative ideologies that make them rebellious to hegemonic ones. Ideology, therefore, is integral in enabling a ruling, hegemonic institutions propagate the required consent for dominance. Media texts are seen as fundamental sites to basic social norms. This is because they play a role in depicting appropriate roles of men and women, employers and their employees, and parents and children. By so doing, the media disseminates the ideologies governing roles by various kinds of people. Ideology is fundamental in reinforcing perceptions and ideas in the minds of the audiences but, for it to have the powerful effect of changing these perceptions and ideas, a hegemonic aspect is essential. Media audiences define their being, and through such means social demarcation prevails. The U.S. cultural historians: Todd Gitlin and Williams, and British cultural studies headed by Stuart Hall, have applied false consciousness as the anticipated end product of hegemony. Hegemony has been deemed as the domination, via ide ology, of the ruling class and development of popular consent by Antonio Gramsci, an Italian Marxist. Hegemony is a concept that integrates persuasion from the dominant classes and consent from the dominated classes. It is used by Gitlin and other scientists to explain the process of the capitalisms promotion. Gitlins study implies that supremacy is maintained when those people who are responsible for the process can easily present the explanations of the subjects under consideration. The ruling class controls ideological space and restricts the thinking of society. The minor/dominated class ignorantly takes part in their domination as hegemony becomes a part of their daily routines and ideas (Gitlin 1980).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Hegemony and Ideology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Media sites have become a site where cultural contests are staged. This is due to the varying ideological perspectives, which are a representation of different interests varying in power that creates a kind of conflict and struggles within media texts. Hegemony is not all about ideological domination; rather, it operates by using common sense while making assumptions on social life and terrain of things accepted as natural, or conventional. Gramsci says that by shaping commonsense assumptions, effective rule is achieved (1971). Common sense is the way that people conceive and perceive things without the need of critical evaluation. A young woman watches a sitcom on television each evening. The characters on this program, her favorite show, are young, thin, Caucasian, and attractive. She is also young, attractive, and Caucasian; watching the program informs and reinforces her perceptions of her successful appearance, her sense of belonging, and her identity as part of her generation (Gray 2005). Most people are not aware of how presentations of television are developed. The decision by consumers on any pro gram and advertisement is influenced by various parties and institutions. According to Marxist theorists, such parties and institutions are deemed to possess power and privilege. Ideology is useful in understanding contemporary media because it focuses on compatibility of hegemonic ideology with personal or societal ideologies. However, hegemony is more useful because it has an influential role that persuades the audience thereby creating dominance. The ability of the media’s hegemonic ideology to influence the ideology of an individual leads to subordination. Otherwise, hegemony alone is not enough to wage subordination because through hegemonic ideology, the dominated class engages in its domination without realizing it. In the excerpt given above, the ability of the media to shape and reinforce the ideology of the young woman creates a kind of subordination to the program. According to Althusser, ideology is the link between imaginary thinking with real existence: material existence (Althusser 1969, 296). Stuart Hall is one of the contemporary cultural and media critic rooted in Althusserian framework of ideology, and believes that audiences will accept some ideas and reject others depending on their individual differences, particular beliefs and cultural circumstances (Hall 2001).Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hall regularly contours this scenario in his encoding-decoding typology that postulates the encoding of messages with their unique meanings by the sender, and the decoding of these messages by the audiences (2001). The audiences accept some of these meanings, develop new meanings, and reject some of the desired meanings. Postmodern Marxists embrace Gramscian hegemony characterized by persuasion of individuals and social classes to accept social values and norms of an exploitative system (Gramsci 1971). In the contemporary social world, there are conflicting ideologies as mentioned earlier on. As a result, hegemony comes in and plays an essential role in influencing the decision of the audience. Gramsci describes hegemony as a form of social power that is dependent on voluntarism and willing participation and is seen as common sense that governs people’s understanding of the world (Gramsci 1971, 333). Integration of hegemony in ideology is what defines and helps to understand contemporary media. Individuals, who are lovers of romantic novels and films, begin watching the movie with their certain ideologies in mind, but at the end of the novel or film, their ideologies become influenced and changed via hegemony. In a story of â€Å"I Followed My Dream† (True Romance 1980 cited in Williams 1977), the hegemony of patriarchy influences and changes the feminist ideas of a young woman. The character in this story possesses feminist ideas that guide her thinking. She does not intend to get married to a Chauvinist, who will just regard her as a servant. However, she falls in love and actually performs wifely duties as required of her. This story is influential to the audience, and is an indication of hegemonic ideology. The main theoretical concept that governs contemporary ideology of media is hegemony. Hegemony encompasses culture, power and ideology. The media is perceived to possess a powerful hegemony over the audience thus making them less independe nt. Freedom of the press, which is leading slogan in almost all media stations, should be understood to mean ‘power of the press’. The media has had a powerful influential role on the audiences. Several instances include the rise of nationalism in Serbia (Meeuwis 1993), inciting ethnic hatred in Rwanda and South Africa, as well as triggering the post-election violence in Kenya. Despite the fact that the media depicts various ideologies, hegemony is very imperative in contemporary media as far as power, dominance and influence are concerned. In the Contemporary American society, the media has been referred to as a center of culture wars against fundamental issues related to morality (Hunter 1991). There are struggles over morality and values as the media tries to persuade audiences to accept the images being disseminated. The nomination of Eminem’s album ‘The Marshall Mathers LP’ in the year 2001 stirred up a lot of controversy as a result of the angr y and violent lyrics by the rapper in his depictions of gays, women and lesbians. The media has become the avenue through which change in lifestyle, sexuality and behavior is propagated, and persuades the audiences. Right now, the issue of single motherhood has been swept under the rug just because the media has shown it as acceptable thus most women nowadays are becoming single out of mere choice (Croteau Hoynes 2003). In addition, the Third World countries have been imposed on by the Western countries in terms of clothing, diet, body size, lifestyle, etc. via the media. Hegemonic ideology has been very influential in changing people’s (audiences’) ways and thoughts. The media is an area where change is inevitable noticed, from ideological sense to hegemony. The media, therefore, is a powerful tool that greatly influences the thinking and behavior of the audience. The media is able to perform this role through hegemony/dominant ideology. Hegemonic ideology is able to influence the audiences, making them less independent such that they rely on the media for guidance. This is the reason why the media has been blamed for change and dilution of social norms and especially in Third World countries. References Althusser, L 1998, ‘Ideology and ideological state apparatuses’, in Rivkin, J Ryan, M (eds.), Literary theory: An anthology, Blackwell Publishers, Malden, pp. 294-304. Cottle, S (ed.) 2000, Ethnic Minorities and the Media: Changing Cultural Boundaries, Open University Press, Buckingham. Croteau, D Hoynes, W 2003, Media Society: Industries, Images, and Audiences, Sage Publications, Inc., California. Fiske, J 1998, ‘Culture, ideology and interpellation’, in Rivkin J Ryan M (eds.), Literary theory: An anthology, Blackwell Publishers, Malden, pp. 305-311. Gitlin, T 1980, The Whole World is Watching: Mass Media in the Making and Unmaking of the Left, University of California Press, Berkeley. Gray, JB 2005, ‘Althuss er, Ideology, and Theoretical Foundations: Theory and Communication’, Journal of New Media Culture, 3, 1, ibiblio.org/nmediac/winter2004/gray.html. Gramsci, A 1971, Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci, International Publishers, New York. Hall, S 2001, ‘Encoding decoding’, in Durham, MG Kellner, DM (eds.), Media and cultural studies: Key works, Blackwell Publishers, Malden, pp. 166-176. Hunter, JD 1991, Culture Wars, Basic Books, New York. Meeuwis, M 1993, ‘Nationalist Ideology in News Reporting on the Yugoslav Crisis: A Pragmatic Analysis’, Journal of Pragmatics 20, 3, 217-237. Williams, R 1977, Marxism and Literature, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Saying Even in Spanish

Saying Even in Spanish Even has dozens of possible translations to Spanish. Heres a guide to even that will work most of the time. As is the case with other words that have a wide range of meanings, many of them apparently unrelated to each other, when translating even you need to understand first what it means and how it is used. Most of the time it is an adjective suggesting uniformity or an adverb used to add emphasis, although it can be a transitive verb as well. One way to translate even, at least when it isnt being used for emphasis, is to come up with an English synonym and then translate the synonym. This can be especially useful when a dictionary isnt helpful. ‘Even'’ Meaning ‘Uniform’ or ‘Consistent’ Uniforme can be used most of the time when even is referring to something being consistent: Las temperaturas no son uniformes durante el aà ±o. (The temperatures arent even through the year.)Es importante que la aplicacià ³n de tinte para el cabello sea uniforme. (It is importante that the application of dye for your hair be even.)Si la superficie no es uniforme, se puede usar la masilla para arreglar las fisuras. (If the surface isnt even, the putty can be used to fix the cracks.) ‘Even’ as the Opposite of ‘Odd' An even number is a nà ºmero par. Un nà ºmero par es un nà ºmero entero que puede ser dividido exactamente por dos. (An even number is a whole number that can be divided exactly by two.) ‘Even’ in Competitions In competitive contests, empatado can refer to an even or tied score: Los candidatos presidenciales estn empatados con un 48 por ciento de apoyo popular. (The presidential candidates are even at 48 percent of popular support.)Estaban empatados en la parte alta del inning 10. (They were even in the top half of the 10th inning.) ‘Even’ as Lack of Debt Two persons or entities can be said to be even if neither owes something to the other. This can be explained directly: Se me pagas 10 pesos, no me debers nada. (If you pay me 10 pesos well be even. Literally, if you pay me 10 pesos, you wont owe me anything.) Getting Even At least two reflexive verbs, vengarse and desquitarse, can be used colloquially to mean to get even as an act of vengeance: Voy a vengarme de una manera que te haga sentir miserable durante mucho tiempo. (Im going to get even with you in a way that makes you feel miserable for a long time.)No es justo desquitarse con el que trata de ayudarle. (It isnt right to get even with the one who is trying to help you.) Translating ‘Even’ for Emphasis Even often suggests the idea of up to and including a stated condition. In these cases, aun, hasta, or incluso can be used, often interchangeably. Hasta el presidente lo piensa asà ­. (Even the president thinks so.)Aun asà ­, no podemos ganar el premio. (Even so, we cant win the prize.)Aun hoy, la mejor forma de prevenir la gripe es la vacuna. (Even today, the best way of preventing the flu is vaccine.)Parece que incluso mi hijo querà ­a  ver la pelà ­cula. (It seems that even my son wanted to see the movie.)En la casa de Dios, hasta los pobres son reyes. (In Gods house, even the poor are kings.)Ser jazzista es difà ­cil, incluso en Nueva York. (Being a jazz musician is tough, even in New York.) ‘Even’ in the Negative Ni siquiera is frequently used in translating the phrase not even: Ella ni siquiera puede hablarme. (She cant even speak to me.)Un accidente destrozà ³ su coche y ni siquiera fue al hospital. (An accident destroyed his car and he didnt even go to the hospital.)Ni siquiera yo quiero estar conmigo la mayorà ­a de las veces. (Not even I want to be with myself most of the time.)El paà ­s ni siquiera va a crecer lo suficiente para pagar los intereses de su deuda. (The country wont even grow enough to pay the interest on its debt.) ‘Even’ as a Verb Verbs that mean to even, that is, to make smooth or level, include nivelar and allanar: Allanaron el terreno antes de construir la casa. (They evened the terrain before building the house.)Van a nivelar los salarios de los maestros. (Theyre going to even out the teachers salaries.) Key Takeaways Even has a multitude of meanings and can be translated to Spanish in numerous ways that depend on the context.When even is used as a way of adding emphasis, good translations include aun, hasta, and incluso.Ni siquiera is usually the equivalent of not even.

The Worst and Best Breakup Lines

The Worst and Best Breakup Lines Your relationship is not working out. You have hit a dead-end, and now your relationship is a cesspool of broken promises, jealousy, and boredom. You know that you have to end the relationship, but how do you approach this issue sensitively? If you handle things callously, you may end up with a bruised eye. If you are oversensitive, you may end hanging on to a dead relationship, feeling bitter and exhausted. Breaking up with someone is never easy. Especially, if you have been with been with that person for a long time. However, if things come to a head, and you feel it is time to move on, it is best to have a clean break up without carrying the burden of heartbreak or unspoken feelings. Saying unkind words, calling each other names, or simply shutting all communication with your partner is extremely bad ways to break up. If you expect to be in a healthy relationship, you should at least have the maturity to break up without being abusive or selfish. How Not to Break Up: 6 Worst Breakup Lines That Can Land You in Trouble If you don’t want your current girlfriend or boyfriend to become a stalking ex, or your spouse to file for divorce on grounds of mental harassment, you must ensure that the breakup does not become an ugly brawl. Also, how you express to your partner that you are breaking up with her will go a long way in restoring her faith in relationships and men. Here are six common breakup lines that can land you in trouble. 1. â€Å"It’s not you, it’s me.† This is a classic excuse when you want to avoid confrontation. Though it may seem non-accusatory, this breakup line is not fair because you don’t give the person a chance to find out what really went wrong. Worse, its usually not true: there are usually reasons for breaking up that relate to incompatibility on both sides. So what do you do, if it is really not her, but you that is the problem in the relationship? What if you mean it, sincerely? If it’s really not her, but you that is the problem, explain why thats the case. Perhaps you are truly unable to commit to a long-term relationship because you are financially insecure, or emotionally overwhelmed, or still in love with your ex. If there really is something going on with you that makes a relationship impossible at this time, don’t leave without offering a genuine explanation for the breakup. 2. â€Å"I want to take it slow.† To most people, I want to take it slow means I like you and want to pursue this relationship but at a different speed. While its possible that your partner will respond by walking away from the relationship altogether, a decent human being will see an opening to a conversation about how youd like to proceed. Do you want to get together less frequently? Slow down your physical relationship?  Ã‚   Bottom line, asking to take it slow is a great way to slow down the pace of your romance (assuming that youre in the early stages of getting to know one another). Its a poor way to actually end a relationship, and its almost certainly the wrong thing to say if youve been in a committed relationship for years! 3. â€Å"I am not ready for a relationship.† If you were not ready to be involved, what were you doing all along? Why put on a charade, and then pull the plug just when your partner was getting serious? A breakup line such as this one shows that you have no respect for your partner’s feelings. It is okay to not want to take the relationship to the next level if you are not ready. However, it is not fair that you choose to break off the relationship because you suddenly realized that what you thought was a  fairy tale romance was actually a real-world relationship with a flawed human being. 4. â€Å"Let’s just be friends.† This is the most dangerous breakup line, ever. It sounds like you are giving a compensatory reward to your partner by promising to be â€Å"friends.† Really? Do you expect her to buy that? Did you know that by promising to be friends, you are asking for trouble? Breakups are hard, and at this vulnerable moment, you might end up together on a rebound. Because, hey, you said you wanted to be â€Å"friends,† right?  If you truly continue to spend time together as friends, you may never be able to move on and never able to fully commit to your partner. 5. â€Å"I will always love you, but never like that.† Did you suddenly decide to become a saint? If you ever decide to use this breakup line, don’t be surprised if you end up with a bloody nose or an egg on your face. Why would you say that you love her when you don’t? Many people use this breakup line in the heat of the moment, hoping to diffuse the tension. However, this breakup line will always haunt you, even after you have long moved on. Don’t throw crumbs at your partner. It is not fair for you to break her heart, after leading her on to believe that you loved her. 6. Youre great, but it is really your sister I fancy. Even if this is the truth, please dont blurt it out. Some truths are best buried. You date a girl, only to later fall in love with her sister. How do you think shes going to take the news? Would she hug you and say, Oh wow! Im so happy to have you as my boyfriend and brother-in-law!? Or would she kick you out of her house and her life, the moment you utter those words? And what good would it do you to inform her that your heart flutters at the sight of her sister? No self-respecting girl would ever take this breakup line well. 9 Perfect Breakup Lines from Famous People Here are 9 famous quotes to use for breakup lines. They help to communicate the pain of breakup without seeming over the top. Use them to create your own personal breakup line. Borrow the ideas without making it clichà ©d. Let your breakup line be as memorable as your pickup line was.:   Maggi Richard Two words. Three vowels. Four consonants. Seven letters. It can either cut you open to the core and leave you in ungodly pain or it can free your soul and lift a tremendous weight off your shoulders. The phrase is: Its over. Marilyn Monroe Sometimes good things fall apart so better things can fall together. Sarah Mlynowski Just because a relationship ends, it doesn’t mean it’s not worth having. Alex Elle I’m thankful for my struggle because without it I wouldn’t have stumbled across my strength. Amit Kalantri I cannot compromise my respect for your love. You can keep your love, I will keep my respect. Judith McNaught,  Paradise Either give me your hand, or end it now, and put us both out of our misery. Lone Star I’m going to smile and make you think I’m happy, I’m going to laugh, so you don’t see me cry, I’m going to let you go in style, and even if it kills me – I’m going to smile. Fannie Flagg,  Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe You know, a heart can be broken, but it keeps on beating, just the same. S. B. Morse,  Now and at the Hour of Our Death A broken heart is just the growing pains necessary so that you can love more completely when the real thing comes along.

Computed Tomography Dosimetry and Dose Risks Research Paper

Computed Tomography Dosimetry and Dose Risks - Research Paper Example Cardiac DECT scan was performed by using potential clinical protocol (GSI 15 imaging protocol, 64 sections at 0.625-mm collimation, alternating energy between 80 kVp and 140 kVp, 640 mA, 0.6-second tube rotation). Absorbed organ doses were measured by using an adult male breast (female breast attached) anthropomorphic phantom and metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor detectors (MOSFET), and were obtained also by the computational method based on the Monte Carlo simulation (Im-PACT calculator). The MOSFET dosimeters were evaluated for reproducibility, linearity, energy, and angular dependence. Our results indicated that the MOSFET dosimeter has excellent linearity within diagnostic dose ranges, but in low dose regions, the values are less reliable. The energy dependence was about 7% at tube potentials from 80 kV to 140 kV. The results from performing GSI 15 protocol Im-PACT calculator showed that the breast, lung, stomach, and esophagus had the highest recorded absorbed or gan doses. For the same organs, the MOSFET does measurements were consistently lower than the calculated doses by Im-PACT. The estimates of radiation risk in this study are relatively small for any individual patient. The X-ray Computed Tomography technology has become the method of choice for most diagnostic imaging procedures due to the remarkable advances over the past few decades, contributing to the improvement of diagnostic image quality and the reduction of examination time and cost (AAPM 23, 2008, the International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication (ICRP) 103, 2007, Huda et al, 2008). This has led to a rapid increase in using the CT scanners around the world. In the United States alone, 62 million CT scans were performed in 2006, of which 4 million were for children (Brenner & Hall, 2007). In Japan, there are 91 scanners per million people (Coach, 2008).  

Integrated Liberal Studies Global Cultures Essay

Integrated Liberal Studies Global Cultures - Essay Example All these were targeted to be achieved by the year 2015 with the desire to have made a great stride in achieving the goals. But perhaps to make a simple insight into the achievements, it can be said that the world has achieved little and is far behind the schedule. By the set year of 2015, little will have achieved. But what is hindering the achievement of these goals despite the consulted effort and all the strategies applied to achieve them Perhaps Dalai Lama has given us a more insight about the economic goals set by the United Nations and what is hindering their achievement. (Lama, 1999) Dalai Lama seems to reckon with the sense expressed in the economic goals. He asserts to the concept that, the world has changed and it has grown to be a global village. Globalization is the new order of the day and the world cannot shy away from it. He expresses that the concept of globalization has helped to bring the world together, which reckons that no part of the world and no country of the world can live alone. (Dalai Lama, 1999) Dalai Lama raises great concerns that have been generated by the current state of inequality in the word. He expresses the concern that many of the problems facing the world today are due to the state of inequality that has been propelled by the world economic orders. Economic orders that have been adopted by the developed and the developing nations promotes inequality which increases the gap between rich and poor individuals of the world and at the same time extend to influence the economic gap between the developed and the developing countries of the word. (Lama, 1999) It is due to this difference that Dalai Lama calls for universal responsibility. He asserts that collective responsibility is the key to achieving the desired results of an equal world where everyone sees the other as a neighbor and a brother or a sister. Dalai Lama faults the government systems of the world but he is quick to point out that many economic woes facing the world today are due to oppressive government systems. He points out democracy as the only system of government on which world order can be restored as it promotes equality for all people. Dalai Lama is quick to point out that it is only through the world responsibility that a just world ca be realized. To achieve this just world, there must be systems put in place to install the order. But he criticizes the concept of creating institutions and organizations that leaves out some people while the responsibility of crating a just world is left in hands of few individuals. In his earlier draft of free Tibet which is contained in the draft constitution of 1992, Dalai Lama reckons with the goals stated in the United Nation's millennium development goals. His draft called for an education system that helps to develop bright future of Tibetan children, a working health system and a poverty free Tibet. Hence it can be said that with his concept of universal responsibility, Dalai Lama expresses the need for drafting means of achieving this to counter the problems facing the world today including overpopulation, dwindling natural resources, environmental pollutions, and others w hich are all addressed in

Grief and Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Grief and Life - Essay Example At first she thought that the feeling of meaninglessness and the feeling of grief are very different from each other. But she realizes, after being a mother and a wife, and after losing someone she dearly loves, that what she felt as a child was very similar from the grief that struck her as an adult. This essay talks about the journey of Didion through grief, particularly how she describes her experience with grief in terms of the feeling of meaninglessness that plagued her throughout her young life. Didion explains how different our notion of ‘grief’ is from what it really is in real life. She explains how our expectations of grief are too ‘simple’ or ‘easy’. We know that we will lose someone we love. We expect to go through definite changes, and ‘heal’ immediately. We expect that we should be strong during this very tough time (Worden, 40). Didion explains such in the following manner: â€Å"In the version of grief we imagine, the model will be ‘healing’. A certain forward movement will prevail† (Didion, 392). We think that the normal course of grief is toward ‘healing’ or ultimate ‘acceptance’ of a loss of a loved one. That we do not have to exert too much effort in moving on because everything will resolve by itself. She adds that â€Å"we imaging that the moment to most severely test us will be the funeral, after which this hypothetical healing will take place† (Didion, 392). She mentions ‘hypothetical’ to emphasize the fact that this belief is somewhat flawed. However, based on her experience with grief, it is an emotion that does not subside easily; it is an emotion that is very difficult, sometimes impossible, to deal with. As Didion says, â€Å"We have no way of knowing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Grief is something that is uncertain; something that is unimaginable (Didion, 392). Grief is a feeling of

Benefits of immigration in canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Benefits of immigration in canada - Essay Example We can call it a safe country. One feels comfortable in any part of the country without the threat of terrorism or violence. People are guaranteed protection even in bigger cities like Ottawa and Toronto. They do not feel as if they are being neglected because they are not in their own homeland. There is Canadian social help system which does not make you feel unaccompanied when you are facing difficulties settling down. There are a lot of government sponsored programs and courses that support you in your hard times. For example, if you lose your job, you will be supported through a government funded program to back up your finances until you find a new job. Canada is one of the developed countries whose economical infrastructure is very strong. One can be sure to find a suitable paying job in this country. Most of the jobs are well rewarding making one feel comfortable with one’s life in Canada. Even if one’s family is not living in Canada, one can fully support them through the Canadian job income. Moreover, there are loving and caring communities in Canada which make your life even more pleasant. Canadian people welcome the immigrants with open arms and make them feel at home. They do not discriminate the immigrants on the basis of language, color, creed and caste. So, the new comers feel secure and protected. â€Å"Canada has long sought immigrants to populate the world’s second largest land mass†, write DeParle (2010). Immigration to Canada is relatively easier than immigration to any other country. You do not have to seek help from Canadian immigration lawyer and place application in case of simple immigration. â€Å"Being an immigrant is also no barrier to being a proper Canadian; in parliamentary elections earlier this month, 11% of the people elected were not native† (E.G., 2011). As for the country, the immigrants occupy different occupations thus enhancing the already stable economic system

The Shots of Goodfellas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Shots of Goodfellas - Essay Example Goodfellas does not glorify the gangster lifestyle like The Godfather. The framing of the short tracking shot from a three-shot to the two-shot is vital for the psychological state of mind of the audience that must be willing to accept the perhaps fictional assertion that the man through whose eyes the story will be told was not as bloodthirsty and violent as those around him. The movement away from directly including Henry in this show to bringing Tommy and Jimmy together is a distancing device that subtly creates a sense of audience participation with Henry’s character. At no point in the editing of the incredibly violent opening sequence of Goodfellas is Henry Hill ever included in the finishing off the murder of the man in the trunk. The audience has no way of knowing who this man is or what part he will play or why he was killed. For the audience can’t possibly know he was a completely innocent witness to a crime rather than a wiseguy himself. Because this is the o pening scene that essentially introduces the audience to the main characters it is imperative that Henry is not only never seen taking an active role in the murder, but is seen to react to Jimmy’s nod of the head to open the trunk in the first place as Jimmy is his boss. The reaction shots of Henry responding to the brutality before him rather than taking part also serves to further intensify audience participation in part because of the murderous glee with which Tommy kills and the quick sneer that appears on Jimmy’s face before he shoots the corpse.

Benefits of immigration in canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Benefits of immigration in canada - Essay Example We can call it a safe country. One feels comfortable in any part of the country without the threat of terrorism or violence. People are guaranteed protection even in bigger cities like Ottawa and Toronto. They do not feel as if they are being neglected because they are not in their own homeland. There is Canadian social help system which does not make you feel unaccompanied when you are facing difficulties settling down. There are a lot of government sponsored programs and courses that support you in your hard times. For example, if you lose your job, you will be supported through a government funded program to back up your finances until you find a new job. Canada is one of the developed countries whose economical infrastructure is very strong. One can be sure to find a suitable paying job in this country. Most of the jobs are well rewarding making one feel comfortable with one’s life in Canada. Even if one’s family is not living in Canada, one can fully support them through the Canadian job income. Moreover, there are loving and caring communities in Canada which make your life even more pleasant. Canadian people welcome the immigrants with open arms and make them feel at home. They do not discriminate the immigrants on the basis of language, color, creed and caste. So, the new comers feel secure and protected. â€Å"Canada has long sought immigrants to populate the world’s second largest land mass†, write DeParle (2010). Immigration to Canada is relatively easier than immigration to any other country. You do not have to seek help from Canadian immigration lawyer and place application in case of simple immigration. â€Å"Being an immigrant is also no barrier to being a proper Canadian; in parliamentary elections earlier this month, 11% of the people elected were not native† (E.G., 2011). As for the country, the immigrants occupy different occupations thus enhancing the already stable economic system

Knowledge management plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Knowledge management plan - Essay Example Julphar’s has recognized that the importance of knowledge is in how it is used and maximized in decision support and to provide an edge in customer care (Shannak, 2010). Julphar has already made a big step in recognizing the importance of automation, information and its relation to knowledge as it influence organizational culture (Petrides, 2004). These learning have made Julphar a leader in the industry and continuing along these lines it will remain so in the decades to come. In order to achieve this it is important to provide Julphar a systematic approach on how to build its knowledge base from its current one. This paper will recommend approaches and implementation strategy to make Knowledge, Information and Technology available to the company to augment its natural pool of human talents. A well defined technology assisted implementation not only consider warehousing information and knowledge or providing technology assisted productivity tools it also consider the organization’s culture and the need for a structured implementation strategy (Schlogl, 2005). Julphar use its knowledge base by capitalizing on the lesson learned by other people within the organization so as not to repeat the same mistake. Instead of re-inventing the wheel the focus becomes improving the vehicle. The knowledge management system therefore guides in executing and developing innovative strategies for all. Julphar’s Knowledge base also enables its customer service department to provide goods and services on time to meet its customer’s needs. In terms of supplier relation, Julphar is able to provide additional information and experiences regarding its manufacturing processes. This enables Julphar with the help of its service providers and suppliers avoid manufacturing defects and improve its product’s quality. Feedback mechanism as an essential entry to the knowledge base is a good source of input in developing products while enhancing

IB Chemistry Lab Design - compare the effect of temperature on the concentrations of Vitamin C and Vitamin A in solution Essay Example for Free

IB Chemistry Lab Design compare the effect of temperature on the concentrations of Vitamin C and Vitamin A in solution Essay Research Question: To compare the effect of temperature on the concentrations of Vitamin C and Vitamin A in solution. Background Information: Many researchers claim that the vitamin content in the food we eat decreases as we cook the food, since it is being exposed to high temperatures. This really intrigued me since cooking is one of my hobbies, and I always try and check the nutritional value of meals that I cook. With this in mind, it was quintessential for me to see for myself if these claims hold true. To narrow the scope of the investigation, I chose Vitamins A and C to do this study upon. The claims state that the enzyme in whose form Vitamin C is found, gets denatured (or oxidised) at temperatures over 70Â °C as well as at low temperatures, in the freezer. Also, studies claim that Vitamin A (in the form of retinol) gets oxidised at high temperatures, during cooking. Once these vitamins get oxidised, they are lost to us. This investigation will compare the effects of high temperature on Vitamin A and Vitamin C solutions. http://chemmovies.unl.edu/chemistry/smallscale/SSGifs/SS054Ascorbic.gif The ascorbic acid enzyme gets denatured at high temperatures because the tertiary structure of the protein, which the enzyme is made up of, unravels, causing the active site of the enzyme to change in shape. This leads to the substrate being unable to fit into the active site, and we say that the enzyme is denatured. This denaturing can take place at extremes of pH too.The Vitamin A (retinol) gets oxidised because, at high temperatures, it reacts with oxygen in the air to form a carboxylic acid (retinoic acid). In the laboratory, ascorbic acid found in fruits and vegetables can be simulated by adding ascorbic acid crystals to water, to form a mildly acidic solution. This solution can also be used as the standard solution during titration to find concentration of ascorbic acid. To simulate Vitamin A, we can simply add retinol to water to form a standard solution. Hypothesis: At higher temperatures, both the concentration of Vitamin C and Vitamin A can be expected to decrease. However, I expect the decrease to be greater in the case of the Vitamin C solution since (having protein-like properties) it is more sensitive to extremes of temperature. Also, the alcohol retinol has a high boiling point, so I believe that it will be more resistant to oxidation too. Variables: Independent Variable Why and How it is Changed Temperature to which the Vitamin C/A solution is heated The factor whose effect is being studied on the concentration of Vitamin C/A in a solution is the temperature the solution is heated to. Therefore, the temperature is the independent variable. In order to change the temperature, equal quantities of the same Vitamin C/A solution are heated to different temperatures. The different temperatures taken are – 30Â °C, 50Â °C, 70Â °C and 90Â °C. As a control, one solution is placed at room temperature. A thermometer is used to measure the temperature of the solution. Investigation at each temperature will be repeated 3 times, to ensure reliability. Dependent Variable Why and How it is Recorded Concentration of Vitamin C/A in solution (in mol dm-3), after exposure to temperature The effect of temperature on the concentration of Vitamin C/A in a solution is being studied, thus the concentration is the dependent variable. As the temperature moves further away from room temperature (above or below) the concentration of Vitamin C/A in the solution should decrease due to denaturing or oxidation. The concentration of Vitamin C is calculated by doing an iodine titration. A starch solution is added to a standard Vitamin C solution which is the titrant. Into this, a solution of potassium iodide and potassium iodate is titrated till a blue colour is obtained (end point). This is repeated thrice. The average volume of iodine solution used is calculated, and divided by the concentration of Vitamin C. Then, the solutions of unknown concentrations are titrated and unitary method is used to calculate their concentrations. The concentration of Vitamin A is calculated using a redox titration. This is done by making a solution of acid dichromate, potassium iodide and starch. This is titrated against a solution of sodium thiosulfate of known concentration. The volume of thiosulfate used is noted. Then, the Vitamin A solutions are added to a similar solution of dichromate, KI and starch, and titration is carried out with thiosulfate. For every 1 less mole of thiosulfate used there is 0.25 mole of alcohol in the sample (according to the chemical equations) which was tested. Controlled Variable Why and How it is Maintained pH of Vitamin solution Extremes of pH can also lead to the denaturing of enzymes, so if pH changes it will interfere with the results, potentially giving inaccurate results. Thus, the pH needs to be kept a constant. This can be done by adding a few drops of acidic buffer to the initial solution. Presence of Antioxidants Antioxidants including salts such as sodium chloride tend to ‘protect’ ascorbic acid from being oxidised, and thus their presence may lead to inaccurate results. Thus, they need to be eliminated. This can be done by using distilled water (without any salts) while preparing the solution of ascorbic acid. Head Space Present in System The ascorbic acid gets denatured because of oxidation by air. Thus, if the volume of air present in the system changes, the results will also change invariably. To prevent this, the amount of head space present in the system must be kept constant. This can be done by placing a lid on top of the beaker in which the acid solution is heated. Initial Concentration of Ascorbic Acid solution If the initial concentration of ascorbic acid in the solution is different, then the final concentration will also be affected. This can be avoided by adding the same mass of ascorbic acid to the same volume of water while preparing all the sample solutions. Volume of Ascorbic Acid solution The volume of acid solution used for each temperature and each trial should be the same since otherwise it will affect the volume of iodine solution used. Therefore, the volume has to be measured accurately using a pipette for each temperature and trial (each titration). Concentration of starch, potassium iodide and potassium iodate solutions The concentration of any of these solutions will affect the volume of solution titrated during each trial. Thus, it needs to be kept a constant. This can be done by ensuring that equal masses of these reagents are added to equal volumes of water, for all the trials. Final temperature of solution The final temperature of the solution may affect the concentration of the acid in the solution, as rapid heating and cooling can encourage oxidation. Thus, to avoid errors, the solutions will be allowed to rest till they reach room temperature, and only then will they be titrated to calculate concentration. Chemicals 1. L-ascorbic acid – 3.52 g to make 1 dm3 of 0.002 M solution of acid 1. Glucose – 50 g to add to acid solution, to simulate fruit juice 1. Potassium Iodide – 10.0 g to make 1 dm3 iodine solution 1. Potassium Iodate – 0.536 g to make 1 dm3 iodine solution 1. Starch (soluble) – 0.25 g to make 50 ml of 0.5% starch solution 1. 3.00 M Sulphuric Acid – 60 ml to add to iodine solution 1. Distilled Water – To make all the solutions and washing Other Materials 1. Weighing Scale 1. Bunsen Burner 1. Tripod Stand 1. Wire Gauze 1. Mortar and Pestle 1. Pipette Filler 1. Lid (for beaker) – 4 1. Thermometer Procedure: Preparing Ascorbic Acid Solution of concentration 0.002 M 1. Measure 3.52 g of L-ascorbic acid using the weighing scale and the weighing boat (which has to be completely dry). 1. Place the weighed crystals in the mortar and use the pestle to crush the crystals into a fine powder, to aid with dissolving it in water. 1. Place the powdered acid into a 500 ml beaker and add a little distilled water to dissolve the acid. Use the glass rod to stir. 1. Once it seems that the acid has fully dissolved, add some more water to the solution, to ensure that all the acid has actually dissolved. Then, transfer the solution into the 1000 ml standard flask using a washed funnel and the glass rod. 1. Wash the beaker with water and pour into standard flask, to remove any remaining solution. Repeat this process 3 times. 1. Wash the funnel and the glass rod, letting the water run into the standard flask. 1. Make up the solution to the 1000 ml mark. Place the stopper and mix the solution thoroughly. Transfer approximately 500 ml of this solution to the 500 ml beaker, for ease of use. Preparing the 0.5 % starch solution 1. Measure 0.25 g of starch using the weighing scale and weighing boat. 1. Bring 50 ml of distilled water nearly to a boil, and then add the measured quantity of starch powder to it. Allow to cool. Preparing the Iodine Solution 1. Measure 10.0 g of potassium iodide and 0.536 g of potassium iodate using the weighing scale and weighing boat. Transfer this to a 500 ml beaker. 1. Dissolve the solids in approximately 400 ml of distilled water. Stir using the glass rod, to aid in dissolving. Add the 60 ml of 3.00 M sulphuric acid to the solution at this point. 1. Once it seems that the solids have fully dissolved, add some more water to the solution, to ensure that all of it has actually dissolved. Then, transfer the solution into a 1000 ml standard flask, using a washed funnel and the glass rod. 1. Wash the beaker with water and pour into standard flask, to remove any remaining solution. Repeat this process 3 times. 1. Wash the funnel and the glass rod, letting the water run into the standard flask. 1. Make up the solution to the 1000 ml mark. Place the stopper and mix the solution thoroughly. Transfer approximately 500 ml of this solution to a 500 ml beaker, for ease of use. Titration Set-up and Final Steps 1. Transfer 65 ml of Vitamin C solution each into 5, 250 ml beakers. 1. Keep one of the containers in a trough containing melting ice (0Â °C). Keep one at room temperature (as a control + standard solution). Heat the other three to 30Â °C, 60Â °C and 90Â °C respectively. Ensure that all the beakers are covered with a lid during heating or cooling. 1. Wash the pipette, first using tap water and then distilled water. Rinse the pipette thoroughly with the Vitamin C solution at room temperature. 1. Use a pipette to transfer 20 ml of the Vitamin C solution, at room temperature, into a conical flask. This is the standard solution (and the control) since its concentration is known (0.002 M). 1. Add 10 drops of the starch solution to the conical flask. Swirl the contents to mix properly. 1. Wash the burette with tap water followed by distilled water. Then, rinse the burette with the iodine solution. 1. Fill the burette with iodine solution till the 0.0 ml mark. 1. Titrate the iodine solution into the conical flask, swirling the conical flask at all times. The end point is reached when a blue colour is obtained that persists even after 20 seconds of swirling. Note down the volume of iodine solution used. 1. Re-fill the burette to the 0.0 ml mark. Repeat the titration process 2 more times. Note down these two values for volume of iodine solution used as well. Calculate the average volume used. 1. Check that all the solutions that were heated (or cooled) have reached room temperature, with the help of a thermometer. 1. If they have reached room temperature, repeat the entire titration process (steps 18 – 24) with the other 4 solution (0Â °C, 30Â °C, 60Â °C and 90Â °C). Ensure that the burette is re-filled to the 0.0 ml mark after each and every titration, and that the pipette is first washed, and then rinsed with the solution that is going to be placed in the conical flask. 1. Use unitary method, to calculate the concentration of Vitamin C in each solution, after heating or cooling, using the concentration of the solution at room temperature (0.002 M) as the known value.

Organizational Structure And Culture

Organizational Structure And Culture Apple is 56 and Intel is number 62 among fortune 500 company. I have selected these two companies to describe organizational structure and culture. 1. a) Organisational structure and culture Structure To meet goals, an organization finds a way to organize employees some kind of structure. Normally most of company use four types structure. Line structure, 2) Line and staff structure, 3) Matrix structure, 4) Team structure. Line structure Command from top to downward. Common of small company. Line Managers are collect analyzing all information. Line and staff structure This is for mid and large size company. Here employees hired to help line manager Matrix structure For a special project employee come from different department to help. Need to respond customer quickly. Team structure Brings people together with different skills to meat particular goals. Lower level manager need to approved decision. Team have power to take any decision. Apple The organizational structure of Apple is approximately non-existent and decided on introduction decision making in the hands of the people in the playing pitch. Apple is doing in credibly well and had attention of many people because; the company worked well and was very responsive to change. However, things took a downward turn and Apple found them in a financial nightmare. Apple suffered problems in regional areas, specifically in the accountability of spending and in fiscal decision-making. The same top-down ideology that helped Apple grow also opened the door for some serious financial losses. With employees at different levels making decisions, it became difficult for the corporate office to keep track of spending and purchasing. They have different adviser and manager for different product. As like every company they have retail operative, finance division, marketing etc. Intel Intel is number 62 of fortune 500 company. As like apple, Intel also uses flat organizational structure. Intel has seven directors, one CEO, and one chairman. And they have also different manager and adviser for different products. As like, PC silent group, this group is work in mobile and desktop sector. Data processing group, they work different forms of calculation. Visualization group, they work for advance solution. Marketing sector, they work to improve marketing and sales. Culture Apple The culture of apple was based on an idea that self-motivated individual will work hard if they do not have boss on their work. The structure of apple had allowed it. The reason is to take quick responsiveness. They believed it is much easier to get value of work. Apple initially grew fast because decisions were made at the lowest possible level. Head office made policy and oversaw all activates. But local employees take their decision day to day in all over the world. Intel Intel is the worlds largest microprocessor company. They found a place in fortunes list because of their work. Intel believes it is their obligation to provide their employees with challenging work that encourages them to create and innovate. Intels goal is to frame human resource polices that make easier for work. The company is believes in providing good opportunities of their employees. Employees are judge on their performance. For that employees can hold their position by preordaining well. 1. b) Relationship between structure and business performance Underlying culturerefers to organisational culture; bad patch refers to a period where business performance is low or employees are moving away from the organisational culture resulting in low business performance. Structure is the guideline of a business. It helps to work done easily. And culture increase employees mentality, so productivity will increase automatically. If organizations culture will strong, then business performance will end soon. 1. c) Factors to influence individual behaviour Those two companies have many factors to influence individual behaviour. Those companies do not push their employees. They take decision upon their individual performance. Apple use self-motivated theory. So that individual will work hard to hold their performance. Intel believed individual with challenging work encourages them to create and innovate. I think those factor influence individual behaviour. 2. a) Approaches to management and theories of organization 3.a) Leadership is a person who guides or inspires others. We have four basic leadership styles. Autocratic Bureaucratic Democratic Laissez-faire Autocratic is a classical approach. Here manager does not consult with any employee. Employees have to flow the order without any explanations. This leader ship style do not trust employee. Bureaucratic is leader flow book. Everything must be done according to the book, otherwise those leader refer to their upper level. This style effect when employee works with their routine, when they know standards of work, when they are work with danger. Democratic leadership style is known as participative style. It help employee to take any decision. Normally democratic leaders are allows employees to establish their goals, leaders want to provide opportunities. Laissez-faire is known as hands off style. Here manager provide little information but the leaders give much freedom. This leadership can be apply, when employees are high skilled. 3. b) Motivation is the driving force behind an action. It is very important because motivation decide our behaviour. Lots of motivation theory to motivate. But among them tow is very effective. Need hierarchy theory Herzbergs two-factor theory Need hierarchy theory in know as Maslows hierarchy of needs. This is a theory of psychology. This theory is one of the most discoursed motivation theories. Humans need cannot be fulfilling. This theory has five stapes to motivate people: 1.Self-actualization, 2. Esteem, 3. Love and belonging, 4. Safety needs, 5. Physiological needs. This motivation theory starts from physiological needs. Herzbergs two-factor theory motivates certain factors in the workplace. Two-factor theory distinguishes between: Motivator that is responsibility or can say that gives positive satisfaction. And the other is a Hygiene factor that is job security that does not give positive satisfaction. 3. C) Motivation theory is the key element of a leader. It changes management decision. Motivation theory describes to that how management take action with their employee. Because decisions change upon an employees demand. To motivate employee management have to fulfil their demand. So this theory has impact upon management actions. 4. a) Nature of group and group behaviour of organization In general views describe how a group to be planned and how its actions are be passed away. A group is a collection of two or more public who work with one another regularly to complete general goals. Groups help organizations achieve vital tasks. Effective groups get high levels of concert. Situations in which groups are better to individuals, when there is no clear expert in an exacting difficulty or task. 4. b) Effective team work Team work, it has been now a common practise in most organization. There are a certain people of an effective team that should be ensuring a good amount of output. It is right that an useful team at all times have clear team goals that give confidence team members to return priority of individual goals with that of team one. Common faith is also essential between team members and that can be facilitating from side to side open, honest and mutual managerial culture. 4. c) Technology always helps everywhere. Technology change team and maintain their knowledge. Some technology improve team function, like Email Mobile phone Computer ,etc Email takes less than a second to send news, by that group work can be done. Mobile phone is now most useful technology. I phone 4, recently apple launch it. It have video calling feature, so by that group work can be done. Conclusion In USA employee change their job 10 times in 20 years because of organization. If every organization should flow structure, culture, motivation theory then it can be reduce. And organization will get benefit from that.

Medical Attributes of Cannabis sativa - Marijuana Essay -- Exploratory

Medical Attributes of Cannabis sativa - Marijuana Cannabis sativa is an erect herb commonly known as hemp or marijuana, or by vernacular names such as grass, weed, refer, and pot. C. sativa is a member of the Cannabinaceae or hemp family. Marijuana can be cultivated illegally in eastern and central North America. Marijuana was legal in the United States for industrial, recreational and medicinal uses until 1937 (Anon., 1996a). C. sativa contains about sixty various psychoactive chemicals called cannabinoids. The most active component in C. sativa is tetrahydrocannabinol or THC which is found in greatest concentrations in the flowering tops and leaves of the hemp plants. The word marijuana refers to the whole plant and the resin from hemp or also called hashish (Anon., 1996b). Presently, C. sativa has four medicinal values. First, it is used to relieve nausea and increase appetite. Second, it brings about the reduction of intraocular pressure in glaucoma. Third, it causes a reduction of muscle spasms. Fourth, it provides relief from mild to moderate chronic pain (Anon., 1996a). In 1975, a study was conducted testing the effects of marijuana on the cardiovascular system. People between the ages of 30-40 years, whom had never smoked marijuana were used for this experiment. Results showed that there is no direct cardiac effect of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) unless the THC dose is 50 fold. There were no changes in stimulation of ephedrine production (which stimulates the sympathetic nervous system), levels of blood glucose, lactate or pyruvates and fatty acid fractions. Changes to these effects were observed when the THC dose was 50 fold (Beacansfield, 1975). In a study in 1982, researchers analyzed the biological effe... ...s antiemetic medicine: A survey of oncologists' experiences and attitudes. F. Cline Oncology 9:1314-1319. Sallan, S.E., N.E. Ainberg, and E. Frex. 1975. Antiemetic effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. The New England Journal of Medicine 293:795-797. Singh, N., S. Vrat, B. Ali, and K.P. Bhargava. 1981. An assessment of biological effects of chronic use of cannabis in human subjects. Quarterly Journal of Crude Drug Research 19: 81-91. Tashkin, D.P., B.J. Shapiro, Y.E. Lee, and C.E. Harper. 1975. Effects of smoked marijuana in experimentally induced asthma. American Review of Respiratory Disease 112. Volfe Z., A. Dvilansky. and I. Nathan. 1985. Cannabinoids block release of serotonin from platelets induced by plasma from migraine patients. International Journal of Clinical and Pharmacological Research 5:243-246.

American Beauty: Interpersonal Conflict in Film Essay

In any type of relationship there is conflict. It is inevitable really as the needs of more than one person must be met to have a copacetic or symbiotic relationship. Whether the interpersonal conflict is constructive or destructive, the key to its resolution is in how the conflict is managed and the amelioration each party receives from it. That is easier said than done though. Watching interpersonal conflict play out in film is a cathartic way to empathize with a character that is or characters that are going through a similar conflict experienced by the films viewer. This viewer can take note of the outcome from the decision the character(s) made in this similar instance. If the viewer had taken a negative route, this film can provide him or her with the alternative to his or her behavior should this situation arise again. If the viewer had taken a positive route this can show him or her what could have been had he or she not made the decision(s) he or she in fact made. In the film American Beauty, the viewer is shown what the question of beauty always begs to answer with a wry outlook. Is beauty only held in the outward appearance? Is beauty this mask worn to show the world what we think they want to see? Or is beauty what we keep sheltered or locked within? Is it what is inside- our thoughts, passions, hopes, dreams, strengths and weaknesses? Is it what is just below the surface- skeletons in the closet or the dysfunctional realm only few are privy to and no one really puts a spotlight on?

Late assignments

Administrator for the course or Duty Receptionist, will incur late penalties from the mime the Administrator receives it. Assignments left on the Reception Counter, or slid under the door of the Reception office will also incur penalties from the time and date they are recovered. Note that there is no provision to accept assignments on weekends or public holidays. Penalties for Lateness In fairness to other students, work submitted after any deadline will incur a penalty for lateness.The penalty is 2 of the marks available (marks available meaner what the assignment is worth I. E. 20% or 20 marks) for an assignment submitted after the due time on the due date for each part day or day late. (for example if an assignment s out of 20 and the assignment receives 50% then one day late meaner the mark will be out of 18 and the student will receive 50% of 18). Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays will be included when counting the number of days late.Assignments will automatically fail th e Mandatory Course Requirements. Course Outlines provide a signal to students of forthcoming workload, dates of submission etc, and thus student study plans should take account of course requirements across all courses. Consequently, workload issues related to other courses and employment will not be accepted as reason for dispensation from mandatory requirements or waiver of penalties. Extensions to submission deadlines for any assigned work will only be granted in exceptional circumstances.Students who are unable to comply with any of the mandatory requirements should make a written application for an extension to the due date for submission of assigned work or for waiver of a penalty, in advance. All such applications must be made before the deadline and be accompanied by documentary evidence, egg a medical certificate, or counselor's report clearly stating the degree of impairment, and the dates the illness or event prevented you from undertaking your academic studies. This can be applied retrospectively. Iv) In the event of unusual or unforeseeable circumstances (e. G. Errors illness, family bereavement or other exceptional events), that precludes an application in advance, students should make contact with the Course Coordinator as soon as possible, and make application for waiver of a penalty as soon as practicable. V) Word limits should be adhered to, especially so when they provide a guide to limiting the student's coverage off topic. The penalty will be 10% of the grade for an assignment which is 10% over the word limit. Remarking Every attempt is made to ensure that the marking is consistent across tutors and fair to students. Students may ask for their written work to be remarked.A different tutor will do the remarking and provide comments. For marks: If the mark differs by 10% or less the two marks are averaged. If it exceeds 10% then it is independently marked by a third marker and the average of the two closest marks is taken. For grades: If the grade differs by one grade then the highest grade is taken. If the grade differs by more than one grade then the assignment is marked by a third marker and the average grade is taken. Experience from previous years is that almost all remarks are within 10% or one grade and where there is a change in mark or grade, half the assignments go up and half go down.Occasionally there is a significant shift in the mark or grade. Application for remarks must be made within 5 days after the assignments are available. To apply for a remark, complete the request for re- examination of assessed work form stating which sections (criteria listed in the mark sheet) you wish re-examined. Write on why you think the mark does not, in your view, fairly reflect the quality of your work. Hand this with your assignment into the allowing place: Pipette Campus – the Reception Desk on Level 10 Rutherford front cover by the person receiving it. Allow a minimum of 5 days for remarks to be completed.Use of Turning Student work provided for assessment in this course may be checked for academic integrity by the electronic search engine http://www. Turning. Com. Turning is an on- line plagiarism prevention tool which compares submitted work with a very large database of existing material. At the discretion of the Head of School, handwritten work may be copy-typed by the School and submitted to Turning. A copy of vomited materials will be retained on behalf of the University for detection of future plagiarism, but access to the full text of submissions will not be made available to any other party.Examinations Students who enroll in courses with examinations are obliged to attend an examination at the University at any time during the formal examination period. The final examination for this course will be scheduled at some time during the following period: Friday 25 October – Saturday 16 November (inclusive) Mandatory Course Requirements In addition to obtaining an overall cour se mark of 50 or better, students must submit al assignments within specified time period. If you cannot complete an assignment or sit a test or examination, refer to wry. Astoria . AC. NZ/home/study/exams-and-assessments/aggregate Class Representative

Implication of resource and technical developments Essay

Introduction Technological development in football the last 30 years, football has developed dramatically. Improvements have been made not only in terms of footwear, footballs, goal keeping gloves and other general equipment, but also in terms of training methods and the attitude towards the professional game (i.e. drugs in sport and dieting in particular). Training and attitude over the last 30 years, most training methods have become much more specific to the sport, so sports players can become specialized at one particular activity. Describing the benefits of technological developments in football and the design of football equipment such as advanced features and benefits of football boots which are, light weight and are made of such materials as kangaroo leather. Most top level players have sock-liners which fit with the contours of foot to provide extra comfort and strategically placed traction blades provide maximum grip. Football boots help with a players grip, acceleration and turning ability. Footballs have had technological advancements such as having air retention system, being high density and having a high abrasion surface which provides extra durability. The match balls played with in the premiership is precision engineered to exact standards to ensure that it is produced to within 3g of its ideal weight and to an exact circumference of 68.5cm. The benefits of the newer footballs are the increased swerve that the ball offers and a better accuracy of passing. The football boots worn by British teams’ right up to the fifties weighed around 550 grams, and the heaviest part was the steel toe cap. Today, football boots weigh a mere 150 to 175 grams and fit snugly around the foot like a second skin. With just 100 grams less on each foot, a player taking around 10,000 steps during a 90 minute match needs to move approximately two tons less weight during the game. But having these technological developments in football equipment really affect the level of standard we compete at in today’s sporting environment or have branding companies such as Addidas, Nike and Reebok just used this so called advance to get us buying their new equipment. Testing What I’m hoping to find out is what, if any, has the development of footballing equipment such as football boots and footballs played in refining and advancing a performance or weather the equipment used 10 years ago was adequate enough to play with in today’s game with affecting performance. To carry this research out I have devised an experiment using the most up-to-date sporting equipment and the equivalent from 10 years ago, to find out weather the advance of technological development can really improve a performance. I will analyze a competitive situation in a 5-a-side match where agility, accuracy, power and balance are needed; one team will have the developed equipment and the other the standard equipment. I will statistically record the whole game when it comes to shots on and off target, possession of the ball, first players to the ball and overall performance. To make the test valid the teams will swap equipment at half time. Evaluation From analyzing my research I found startling evidence, I found that there was hardly any difference, if any between the two types of equipment. Looking at my finding the developed equipment had marginal advantages on its predecessors. What is did find was that the team with the advanced equipment didn’t seem to work as hard to keep up with the pace of the game the competing team had to work much harder to compete at the same level as their competition. This may be a huge factor as the level of football progresses when it comes to marginal factor that make a team successful advances in technology make the difference. From analyzing the game is the amount of injury the team with the new developed boots suffered. One individual who wore the equipment could feel the brunt of the challenge much more than the thicker material from the older boots, also one of the players suffered knee injury in the advanced boots. This issue caused me consider whether this new technological advanced in equipment can really refining a players performance or damage it. The function of the football boot is basic it provides some means of attachment to the playing surface whilst encasing the foot for protection, however this causes the player to go in one direction and to leave his foot behind and now with the development of football boots grip has become even more robust with grip causing serious injury if fixed to the surface. No shoe can ever guarantee full protection against injuries, because there exists a conflict between the function of the shoe and the interests of the human body. But with the continuous development of boots this issue may be discarded in the favour of the best boots on the market rather than enhancing an individual performance. Statistically speaking when comparing the two type of equipment the developed boots were more consistent so when discussing on refining a performance the technological development of football equipment can help to make progression at your level by offering you an easy way of improving, by that I mean you can still improve and refine your performance without buying the latest equipment but from analyzing new and old technologies the transition will be much harder. How I feel about the development of football equipment with refining a performance with regards to the lack of protection given by modern football boots, and the repercussion in terms of player injuries, there seems little to suggest that the major manufacturers are going to give up their quest for the lightest football boot for a more protective one. The proliferation of big money sponsorship deals, namely Nike Ronaldinho, Adidas with David Beckham and Reebok with Thierry Henry, has become a huge factor that drives the success and sales of a football boot maker, but is viewed as at a cost of injury and stagnation in football boot research and development. All we can predict for the future is integration with sensor technology, lighter and more powerful football boots and more outlandish designs and styles rather than the simple quest on improving an individual.

Drug Trafficking in the UAE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Drug Trafficking in the UAE - Essay Example The United Arab Emirates is one of the world’s fastest growing economies as well as tourist destinations. Recently, the attraction of this region to international drug syndicates has heightened awareness by UAE authorities in addressing this danger. This brief paper shall highlight the drug trafficking problem that threatens the federation, and the measures that have been adopted within the past decade to ensure the region’s security. Concepts that will be discussed involve: drug trafficking, which includes the sales, distribution, possession with intent to distribute or sell, manufacturing, and smuggling of controlled substances (wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn); drug abuse, which involves taking a psychoactive drug or performance enhancing drug for a non-therapeutic or non-medical effect; drug possession, or the crime of having one or more illegal drugs in one’s possession, either for personal use, distribution, sale or otherwise; and narcotics, which are d rugs that produce numbness or stupor, and are often taken for pleasure or to reduce pain; extensive use can lead to addiction. Developments in the drug trafficking problem The UAE has been lauded by the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB), the UN organization that monitors anti-drug activities worldwide, for the efforts made by the federation to fight drug abuse and trafficking. Evidence of these have been documented by news articles in the media, some of the more recent and more remarkable of which are presented here: 1.The Emirati Navy, Coast Guards, and other maritime coalition forces operating in the Gulf cooperated through information exchange and maritime coalition, in the seizure of nearly 30 tonnes of hashish at sea in just four months.

Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Information Systems - Essay Example There are virtual private networks, which are emulations of LANs usually done over the Internet. A wired network is one which is connected together by cables, typically coaxial or Ethernet cables (whether they be 10, 100 or 1000 base-T, parallel or serial, etc.) A wireless network is connected by some kind of wireless transmission, usually a wireless router projecting a certain radio frequency. It is important to note that a wired network can have wireless components, say a wireless computer participating or a wireless printer, while a wireless network can and almost always do have wired components, like a final physical throughput (cable, DSL/phone lines, â€Å"satellite† - which is effectively a â€Å"wired† network for this discussion, etc.) Light is used to encode information and send â€Å"bits† the same way a phone line can. They are sent over cables of tightly bound fibers, usually of a kind of fiber-glass, that act as a waveguide, a â€Å"light pipe† the same way a metal pipe can be used to act as a guide for water. Fiber optics are immensely fast because they have speed-of-light transmission. The maker. AMD and Intel have competed for different parts of the processor market over and over and are in a constant arms race for more clock cycles, more Hertz, etc. Their architecture is almost identical: â€Å"The nice thing about being [a] computer enthusiast is that right now both AMD and Intel platforms support a lot of cross compatible hardware. Sure the CPU and motherboards are platform specific, but you can share DDR2 memory, videocards and other peripherals easily enough† (PC Stats). The common consensus is that Intel tends to make more expensive but higher quality cards while AMD more readily courts the discount market, but even this is not always true. Intel was founded in 1968 and created the x86 lines, the most famous of which is undoubtedly the Pentium. AMD was founded in 1969 and got into the semiconductor and processor

Employment Relationship-Shewin Memorandum Essay

Employment Relationship-Shewin Memorandum - Essay Example For the past 6 years, she is in the same cadre. During 8 years of service, she was in the reporting line of George Doright, who was enjoying the fame of very competent, energetic and a good character boss. In the later years, the new management came in and started the process of re-organizing / re-structuring of the organization for a better performance. Accordingly, the management repositioned the location of Doright and he was transferred to another division to accomplish the assigned tasks. During the process of re-organization of the company, two editors stand retired leaving a vacuum behind them to be filled in. After mentioned development in the organization, she was transferred to work under the subordination of infamous Arthur King, the Senior Editor of Blabber. During the incumbency of King, she had to suffer a lot because she was not ready to meet the sexual desire of King. Issues After the retirement of two editors from the company, she was expecting for the said position. Despite having expertise and experience, which requires for a vacant position, she was not considered for the same. However, to fulfill the formalities of promotional requirement, she was just called for an interview. The outcome of the interview was nothing but sheer wastage of time. After a lapse of reasonable period of time in her organization, last month, she applied for a junior level position of Editor. It meant that in spite of all odds, she did not give up her hope for a respectable status in the organization, which she did not get due to obvious reasons. It is strange to note that for the vacant position, she has been interviewed by King, the Editor of Blabber, in a restaurant rather than in his office. The interview was against her expectation and she was not comfortable with the interviewer since the questions asked in the mock interview of personal nature instead of professional. The most questions revolved about her personal life and about her boy friend. She lost her confidence the way interview was conducted and of course gave up her hope for the position for which she applied for. It is interesting to note that after few weeks of conducting interview of Shewin by King, the senior Editor instead of promoting her for the post, hired the services of Gene Whiz, an outsider for the advertised vacancy although Gene has no comparison with Shewin in terms of age, qualification, working experience and expertise. Gene was just 26 years old, did her master in journalism the other day from the University of Chicago and joined local newspaper of small size to work as a reporter. Factors The self analysis of Shewin concerning key factors that disqualified her for the position applied for are: a) promotion of three women in the upper strata of management that took place before re-organization / restructuring process b) King had no role in the promotion decision c) She refused to join King outside business premises to discuss business invitations since his lu st for women / bad reputation was not hidden from anybody in the company d) filing of complaints against her male counter parts while Doright was in office about their attitude of discussing their dates with girlfriends in graphics details loudly the next Monday morning of each weekend e) Doright, the then incumbent, reprimanded her male counter parts for their mentioned deeds f) five African American senior