CPU Internal Organisations :: essays research papers

The enter/output (I/O) port wine, jitney structures, microprocessor, memories and peripherals (also known as foreign or I/O devices) are the major components of a figurer system. These components constantly trade training and instructions to complete assigned operations. With the ejection of the peripherals, the ongoing communication in the midst of components is conducted within the system through inter clubs or paths called raftes.Peripherals such as keyboards, add-in cards (including frame grabbers), monitors, modems and printers are alternatively machine-accessible to the system through the I/O interface. The I/O connection features a communication line to send and receive information between the system and peripherals. Figure 1 illustrates the standard microprocessor-based PC architecture outline above. Note the peripherals link to the system through the I/O interface rather than directly through the systems host bus.The primary purpose of a systems host bus is to co nnect components and allow them to communicate. To achieve this, the host bus is composed of three types of communication lines. An consultation bus is a one-way path that allows the microprocessor to specify which of the various locations in the memories and in the I/O interface it is accessing. Using this path, the microprocessor can select a memory address from which to acquire or in which to store information. The CPU also queries the I/O interface and devices using the address bus to specify input and output locations. A data bus carries the actual data between the microprocessor, memories and the I/O interface. Because the data bus is bidirectional, information can be both sent and received on these lines. A control bus handles the arbitration and differentiation between data coming in and data going out of different components by transmitting read, write and other(a) control signals.In evaluating bus architecture, our primary concern is with transfers occurring on the data bus. The data bus is responsible for moving the bulk of information that travels through a system. And the data bus design ultimately determines how efficiently that data will flow. Defining features of the data bus include the size or bandwidth of the bus, the facilitate of the bus, and the location of the bus within the system. It helps to think of the data bus as a gateway through which a certain amount of information can pass.