What Is a Floor Plan and Can You Build a House With It

A floor plan or house plan is a simple two-dimensional (2D) line drawing showing a structures walls and rooms as though seen from above. In a floor plan, what you see is the PLAN of the FLOOR. Its sometimes spelled floor-plan but never as one word; floorplan is a misspelling. Floor Plan Features A floor plan is very much like a map, with lengths and widths, sizes and scales of how far apart things are. Walls, doorways, and windows are usually drawn to scale, meaning proportions are somewhat accurate even if a scale designation (such as 1 inch1 foot) is not indicated. Built-in furniture and equipment like bathtubs, sinks, and closets are often showcased in floor plans of a house; Gustav Stickley and Frank Lloyd Wright drew built-in seating and bookcases in the inglenook. Key Words floor plan: 2D drawing shows exterior and interior walls, doors, and windows; detailing variesblueprint: detailed architectural drawing used as a construction document or builders guide (refers to an old printing method of white lines on blue paper)rendering: as used by an architect, an elevation drawing showing what a finished structure will look like from different perspectivesbumwad: onion skin tracing paper used by architects to draw initial floor plans; also called trash, trace, or scratch paper, it is as thin as toilet paper, but stronger; rolls of tracing paper come in yellow (easier to see through layers on a light table or light box) or white (easier to make electronic copies)schematic: an architects scheme of how to satisfy a clients needs; the initial design phase of an architects process includes floor plansdollhouse view: 3D floor plan seen from overhead, like looking into a doll house without a roof; easily produced from digital floor plans Evolution of Selection and Technology Howard Sokol / Getty Images Plans may begin on a cocktail napkin. Although usually drawn to scale, a floor plan can be a simple diagram showing the layout of the rooms. An architect may begin with schematic drawings on tracing paper, which is sometimes amusingly called bumwad. As the scheme evolves, more detail is added to the floor plan. A real advantage to working with an architect on a project is the expertise in design. Branislav / Getty Images Today, architects use digitized floor plans to sell their designs. Well before home computers, however, floor plans were often included in pattern books and developers catalogs in order to better sell the presented real estate. In the early 1900s, the American Foursquare was popular. This method of advertising and selling product was used in the 1950s and 1960s to market dreams of home ownership. If you have an older home, it may have been purchased in the early 20th century equivalent to online shopping, the mail order catalog. Companies such as Sears, Roebuck and Co.  and Montgomery Ward advertised free floor plans and instructions, so long as the supplies were bought from those companies. Browsing an index of selected floor plans from these catalogs would help you find your dream home. For newer homes, explore the internet for companies that offer stock plans. By looking at floor plans, you may find your home as a popular design. With simple floor plans, homeowners can conduct a type of architectural investigation. Westend61 / Getty Images Today, there are many easy-to-use tools to draw a digital floor plan. Sometimes people use these such tools to document historic architecture, like the Gothic Salisbury Cathedral in Wiltshire, England, built between 1220 and 1258. Drawing a Building From the Ground Up Sorry, but you cannot build a house with only a floor plan and a picture. When shopping for house plans or building plans, you may study the floor plans to see how space is arranged, especially the rooms and how traffic may flow. However, a floor plan is not a blueprint or a construction plan. Iit is not enough to build a house. While floor plans give the big picture of living spaces, they do not have enough information for builders to actually construct the home. Your builder will need complete blueprints, or construction-ready drawings, with technical information that you will not find on most floor plans. You need a complete set of construction plans that includes not only floor plans, but cross-section drawings, electrical and plumbing plans, elevation drawings or renderings, and many other types of diagrams, as well. On the other hand, if you provide your architect or professional home designer with a floor plan and a photo, he or she may be able to create construction-ready drawings for you. Your pro would need to make decisions about many details that are not ordinarily included on simple floor plans. For example, if your building site has expansive views in specific directions, an architect will take advantage of that aspect by suggesting certain window sizes and orientation. It is best to avoid a crazy-quilt plan, in which spaces are plopped down almost randomly with no overriding concept of how they fit together. Our brains need to find a reason why things are where they are. More often than not, this is a subconscious realization. A house designed with an understandable concept offers clarity and comfort.(Hirsch, 2008) Better yet, get your hands on some powerful DIY home designer software. You can experiment with design and simplify some of the difficult decisions and choices always involved in new projects. Sometimes you can export digital files in a comparable format to give your building professional a head start in completing the necessary blueprint specifications. The right software takes a simple floor plan and turns it into renderings, dollhouse views, and even virtual tours. The process of design is very enlightening, and playing with such software can be a lot of fun. Resources and Further Reading Hirsch, William J. Designing Your Perfect House: Lessons from an Architect. 2nd ed., Dalsimer, 2008.

Choosing An Online Survey And Collect Responses - 2453 Words

Instead of interviewing four people, I decided to make an online survey and collect responses because I was at home for Thanksgiving. As a result I got more responses, and I think people were more honest as well. I also allowed for the respondents to choose whether they have majority or minority status. I had nine responses, three identifying as minority status, five as majority status, and one student who was not sure, since he/she/they fell into multiple target groups but reported that she didn’t experience any discrimination. There were some interesting discrepancies, since one female student reported that she was a minority, and another reportedly felt she was in the majority. At RIT, the distribution of gender differs by program, so this could be a reason why this discrepancy exists. None of the students who identified themselves as having majority status reported experiencing any discrimination themselves, and neither did the one female student who identified as a minor ity but fell into no other target groups. One respondent, a self-identified conservative, Catholic white male chose to identify as a minority group. I thought this made sense since college campuses tend to be liberal, so conservatives are sometimes considered to be minorities. I thought about adding a checkbox for ideological minorities to my target group list when I first made my survey, but I was concerned that anyone might have a reason to check that box, since everyone’s ideologies vary to someShow MoreRelatedFactors Influencing The International Students1338 Words   |  6 Pageseducation. In this investigation, I consider a survey approach on students in selected countries about their preferred study destinations, their reasons for studying internationally, their main sources of information on overseas study and their opinions of the U.S. as a potential study destination compared to other key host destinations. Specifically, the quality of education and research oppor tunities are the two major factors that students consider before choosing the United States as their study destinationRead MoreVertical Component Of Information Safety Environment913 Words   |  4 Pagesthe more willing they will be to comply with the information security policies within their organization. Research Deign: This paper utilizes survey research to collect the relevant information to test the proposed hypotheses stated above. The questionnaire was devised by investigating existing studies in the information security literature and choosing indicators that have been used previously to ensure reliability (Choi Huang, 2013). Since previous studies have not looked on the social mediaRead MoreQuestionnaire Prototype Made By University976 Words   |  4 Pagesmade by university. Intended users would be students and academic staff. Decision was made to create a Context of Use - wrote the actual conditions under which the survey will be used. Through further evaluation we identified the main requirement which was also a technical constraint – an electronic/online rather than paper-based survey which will have to be responsive on various devices. To select the most effective and relevant research design, the team used a so called â€Å"Research Onion† (SaundersRead MoreHealthy People 2020 Goals For HPV Vaccination In The United States?1239 Words   |  5 Pagessample size. Simple Random Sampling involves choosing a sample at random from the population (Trochim, Donelly Arora, 2015). The mechanism will be to take the information on the website and make a spreadsheet which is called the sampling frame. Within the excel sheet, a new column titled random_number will be used to make the randomization of the data using the data code =RAND(). Once the list is randomized, 56 programs will be selected from the survey. The study type involves a descriptive non-experimentalRead MoreThe Theory Of The Research Methodology1142 Words   |  5 Pagesprecise approach to collect and analyse data, and therefore each strategy has its own advantages and disadvantages (Amaratunga, 2002). The choice of research method was centred on the evaluation of qualitative and quantitative approaches. 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This choice is guarded by the topic of study, the advantages and disadvantages, and the strengths and weaknesses of using either one or the other type of the methodologies. Researchers are sometimes using Quantitative and Qualitative research methodologiesRead MoreDo Supplemental Software And Technology Help English As A Second Language ( Esl ) And English Language Learner1486 Words   |  6 Pagesare researching students on a college campus they will have to be at least 18 to 30 years old to participate in the study. UMKC has a very large and diverse campus; we will reach out to the Applied Language Institute (ALI) students through a class survey. We decided that college would be a better population to start out with because it provides many social opportunities. We are looking for a population that will provide us with direct feedback from the trial. Students in college will know how theyRead MoreThree Study Boxes: Written Corrective Feedback1252 Words   |  6 Pagesquestionnaires in their classroom, while the teachers completed the questionnaire in separate sessions. Data analysis The frequencies of responses from the questionnaires were calculated. Chi square test were then conducted to find out if there was any difference between the student’s response and the teachers’ response. Calculation using t-test was also carried out for the responses from Likert scale items on the questionnaire. Results Believing that they would remember and learn better if all errors are

Method Issues in Business Ethics Research

Question: Discuss about the Method Issues in Business Ethics Research. Answer: Introduction Highly profits seeking multinational organizations are more likely to maximize their profit beyond their domestic boundaries. Organizations having businesses in overseas countries are expected to comply with some legal and ethical parameters for running successful business (Grant, Arjoon and McGhee 2017). The Government of home country expects some ethical compliance from the organizations, while they are operating in overseas countries. However, the intension of earning more and more profit and maximizing in hand cash, some of the global business organizations are not complying with ethical and moral principles. Though the organizations are complying with the legal obligations, but they are not exhibiting ethical compliance and moral business practice. Moreover, the most significant ethical dilemma can be measured in terms of tax avoidance measures by some tech giants in the world (Giacalone and Promislo 2013). Some of the most important theory of ethics highlights on ethical dilemm as of business. Kant theory highlights the right and wrong of business practice on fulfilling their basic duties. Apart from that, ethical egoism reflects on the fact that whether business is harming others for their own self-interest or not. The recent newspaper article posted on The Economic Times on 3rd May, 2017 highlights the ethical dilemma in the business practice of Apple. Moreover, this newspaper article has raised the ethical issues of Apple, which it is practicing in its overseas business. While conducting business in overseas marker, the global business organizations have some ethical responsibilities towards its home country. However, in this article, it is found that the cash stockpile of Apple has hit a staggering $256.8 billion (The Economic Times 2017). It has become a sparking debate on Apple regarding the massive cash reserves. In order to avoid the complex tax codes of USA, Apple is not bringing back its overseas profit in USA. It has ultimately generated its cash stockpile to almost $2.5 to $3 trillion (The Economic Times 2017). Apple is the topmost US multinational company, who has been accused for avoiding the tax in their home country and make huge cash pile. Chellet al. (2016) opined that Apple has 90% stockpiles outside of USA market for avoiding complex tax rate of USA. Moreover, the organization has left almost $1.2tnof their earnings in overseas market for skirting the tax chargein USA. On the other hand, Michaelsonet al. (2014) pointed out that the intension of maximizing the profit has made the organization unwilling to move its overseas profit back to its home country. However, this business practice of Apple is actually causing ethical dilemma in the organization. It is also causing the corporate social responsibilities issues in the business practice of Apple. As per the CSR norms, an organization is liable to pay proper taxes to the Government and maintain transparency with the Government regarding the business practice. However, in such extent, Apple is not fair enough to maintain transparency with the US government regarding their tax payment in home country. In this way, there are enough CRS issues in this organization, which has become the major concern of debates. Moreover, this practice has drawn the attention of US president Donald Trump. Moreover,with an intension to encourage the global organizations towards moving overseas earning in US, he has initiated some new tax strategy. These strategies can lower the tax rate for repatriated earning of multinational companies on moving their profits back in US. As per, (Titcomb 2017) the president has initiated slashing business tax and one-time tax holiday for reducing tax rate of repatriated income. While asking to the Apple board, it has been known that the organization is still waitin g for another tax holiday for bringing their overseas money back to USA. While the cash and securities are piling up in overseas countries, Apple is piling up its debts in the United State. Giacalone and Promislo(2013) pointed out that Apple recently sits in about $53.2 billion long-term debt obligations. On the other hand, Grant, Arjoon and McGhee(2017) stated that Apple also huge non-current liabilities. Moreover, the organization is facing pressure on returning more cash to the shareholders with higher dividends and more share buybacks. Moreover, these debts are not included in the cash of Apple, which it has promised to the shareholders. In this way, the organization is also being incapable of providing fair return on investment in its US market. This practice of Apple is also indicating unethical dilemma in this business practice in home country. As per the stakeholder ethics, the organization should provide fair return on investment to the shareholders. However, in this case, Apple is not able to provide fair return on investment to the shareholders . It is actually causing ethical issues of the organization towards dealing with its US shareholders. With an intension to maximize profit and avoid huge tax rate, Apple is reserving much of its money in low tax countries. As per Beets, Lewis and Brower(2016), much of the funds of Apple are hold by its Irish subsidiaries. However, they have actually invested US assets. On the other hand, BBC News(2017) the US Government has held hearing on the unethical business practice of Apple for not paying the tax on its operations outside of the home country. However, the CEO of Apple has defended this organizational practice. The CEO has strenuously asserted that the organization pays the tax bills for all of its domestic operation. However, in case of foreign operation, the organization exploits the avoidance provision of Irish Tax law like many other companies. However, this organizational practice actually goes beyond the legal boundaries and creates ethical dilemma for the organization. Apple has become able to create corporations, which pay no income tax to any taxing nation. In order to reduce the tax burden for repatriated income, the organization has reserved much of its earning in Irish subsidiaries. According to Ethicalconsumer.org(2017), Ireland never assess the income tax on the entities, which are managed and operated from outside of the country. In such extent, Apple mostly invests asserts from US. Apple Operations International has no physical presence and no employees in Ireland. Moreover, the Ireland subsidiaries are completely operated and managed from the United State. In this way, the Irish Government cannot impose much tax on the business of Apple. Therefore, in Irish subsidiaries, Apple can utilize the tax avoidance provision and reserve more earnings by enhancing business profits. On the other hand, Campbell and Cowton(2015) opined that the United State assess the tax based on the subsidiary of incorporation only within the country. Therefore, it can be said that US uses complex tax codes for the multinational organizations. Furthermore, this complex tax codes actually leading the multinational companies like Apple to unethically avoid the US taxes and reserve more money in overseas subsidiaries of the organization. As per Beets, Lewis and Brower(2016), the business practice of Apple cannot be alleged with any legal claims, but it is highly associated with ethical dilemmas. The organization is not transparent enough with the Government of its home country. Moreover, the organization is only seeking increasing profit even by sacrificing the intension of ethical business practice. On the other hand,West(2014) opined that Apple is also incapable of meeting its stakeholder interest to a full extent. Moreover, the organization has already increased its debt and become incapable of providing fair return on investment to the important shareholders in US market. It is actually highlighting the ethical issues of the organization. As per Kantian theory, the right and wrongness of an action does not depend on its consequence, but on its motives towards fulfilling its duty.This theory is based on the view that intrinsically good things have good will. According to Chellet al. (2016), an action can be good enough, its maxim or principle is backed by moral law. Moreover, one should always obey the categorical imperatives, regardless of his/her desire or interest. On the other hand, Campbell and Cowton(2015) opined that morality must be based on categorical imperatives. These imperatives actually command a person to behave in moral way. While assessing the business practice of Apple, it has been found that the organization is not moving its overseas earnings to US. However, the intension behind this action of Apple is not good enough regardless of its consequences on the US market. The actual motive of the organization behind this action is to maximize organizational profit (Ethicalconsumer.org 2017). Moreover, they are actually avoiding the complex rate of US market.In this way, this practice of tax avoidance is actually reflecting an unethical business practice. Moreover, the categorical imperatives of the organization are not closely associated with morality, which is resulting in an unethical behavior in the business practice. Ethical Egoism is an ethical theory which is imposed on an individual or organization. According to West (2014), an organization should adhere to some standards of business practice, while doing any business. It should ensure that the any practice of the organization does not harm any individual. On the other hand, Michaelsonet al. (2014) opined that an organization should always avoid such actions or omissions, which can cause harm to others. Moreover, the breaching of standard can cause ethical dilemma in an organization, which can even lead to ethical issue.Furthermore, an organization should act responsibly in a given set of circumstances or otherwise, it can lead to ethical dilemma. While measuring the business practice of Apple, it can be seen that the cash stockpile of the organization is staggering. However, the organization has increased the long-term debts in the US market. In this way, it can be assumed that the organization is not maintaining transparent relationship with the US shareholders. Despite of having huge organizational profit, the organization has increased its long-term debts. Moreover, it is not providing fair return on investment to its US shareholders (Titcomb 2017). Therefore, it can be said that the business practice of Apple is actually harming the shareholders, which can lead to law of negligence and ethical issue. Ethical egoism is a normative ethical positioning, which a moral agent ought to do with his self-interests. According to Giacalone and Promislo(2013), moral agents always have their obligations and interest towards helping others. Moreover, they always scarify their own interest for the sake of fulfilling others interests. On the other hand, Michaelsonet al. (2014) opined that the interests of moral agents are substantially equivalent to the interests and well-beings of others. Moral and ethical deliberations are occurred, when moral agents harm the interests and well-beings of others. While assessing the cash stockpiling news of Apple, it can be seen that the organization has reserved 90% of overseas earnings in overseas markets (The Economic Times 2017). Moreover, the organization is not moving their overseas earnings back in US market. Moreover, the organization is not investing in the economy of the USA. In this way, the organization is not actually contributing the economic development of USA (BBC News 2017). Most of the money is invested in the foreign countries and developing the economy of those countries. In this way, the organization is harming the interest and well-being of its home country USA. Moreover, the cash stockpiling of the organization is actually causing ethical dilemma by harming the USA economy. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be said the cash stockpiling of Apple is staggering by avoiding the taxes in USA for its repatriated income. The organization is not willing to move its repatriated income back to its home country USA. The intension behind this practice is to avoid the complex tax code of USA. In this way, the tax avoidance practice of Apple is actually causing ethical dilemma in its business practice. Moreover, the organization is also not contributing properly in the development of US economy. Furthermore, most of the repatriated income of the organization is reserved in the Irish subsidiaries for getting tax avoidance provision. Donald Trump is encouraging the multinational organization to moving their overseas earnings back to US by cutting the tax rate. Reference List BBC News. 2017.Apple 'among largest tax avoiders in US' - Senate committee - BBC News. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-22600984 [Accessed 7 May 2017]. Beets, S.D., Lewis, B.R. and Brower, H.H., 2016. The quality of business ethics journals: An assessment based on application.Business Society,55(2), pp.188-213. Campbell, D. and Cowton, C.J., 2015. Method issues in business ethics research: finding credible answers to questions that matter.Business Ethics: A European Review,24(S1), pp.S3-S10. Chell, E., Spence, L.J., Perrini, F. and Harris, J.D., 2016. Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: does social equal ethical?.Journal of Business Ethics,133(4), pp.619-625. Ethicalconsumer.org. 2017.Apple Inc - Anti-Social Finance. [online] Available at: https://www.ethicalconsumer.org/companystories.aspx?CompanyId=12944CategoryId=288176 [Accessed 7 May 2017]. Giacalone, R.A. and Promislo, M.D., 2013. Broken when entering: The stigmatization of goodness and business ethics education.Academy of Management Learning Education,12(1), pp.86-101. Grant, P., Arjoon, S. and McGhee, P., 2017. Reconciling Ethical Theory and Practice: Toward Developing a Business Ethics Pedagogical Model.Business and Professional Ethics Journal,36(1), pp.41-65. Michaelson, C., Pratt, M.G., Grant, A.M. and Dunn, C.P., 2014. Meaningful work: Connecting business ethics and organization studies.Journal of Business Ethics,121(1), pp.77-90. The Economic Times. 2017.Apple's dilemma: What to do with $256 billion cash pile - The Economic Times. [online] Available at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/business/apples-dilemma-what-to-do-with-256-billion-cash-pile/articleshow/58491186.cms [Accessed 7 May 2017]. Titcomb, J. 2017.Apple's cash reserves swell to $250bn. [online] The Telegraph. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2017/05/01/apples-cash-reserves-swell-250bn/ [Accessed 7 May 2017]. West, A., 2014. Ubuntu and business ethics: Problems, perspectives and prospects.Journal of Business Ethics,121(1), pp.47-61.

Development Through Life Stages free essay sample

Life begins with conception. A woman normally produces one egg cell each month, roughly two weeks after the last menstrual period. This egg can then be fertilized if sexual intercourse takes place while the egg is in the fallopian tube. Fertilization means that the genetic material in the sperm joins with the genetic material in the egg to start new life. Pregnancy Pregnancy is the period from conception to birth when a woman carries a developing foetus in her uterus. Pregnancy begins when a sperm penetrates an egg. One to one and a half days later, the single fertilized cell begins to divide, after two or three days there are enough cells to make the fertilised egg the size of a pin head. The collection of cells travels to the lining of the uterus where it becomes implanted. At this stage the collection of cells is called an embryo. After eight weeks, the embryo may have grown to between three and four centimetres, has a recognizable heart bear ad the beginnings of eyes, ears, a mouth, legs and arms. At this stage the growing organism is called a foetus. During the final seven months before birth, all the organs continue to develop. By twenty weeks, the foetus will have reached about the half the length of the baby at birth, by thirty two weeks, the foetus will be about half its birth weight. Birth and Infancy Usually about nine months after conception the baby will be born. The new born babe has to take easily digestible food such as mothers milk in the first weeks in order to grow. A new born baby does not have a fully developed brain but can usually hear sounds, tell differences in the way things taste, identify the smell of their own mother or carer. Infants are born with various temporary and primitive reflexes such as: turning their head towards any touch on the cheek. This helps the baby get the nipple into their mouth to feed, if you place your finger in the palm of the babys hand, they will grasp your finger tightly, this is called the grasp reflex, if a baby is startled they will throw their hands and arms outwards, arching the back and straightening their legs, this is called the startle reflex, if a new born baby is help upright with their feet touching the ground, they will begin to make movements as if trying to walk, this reflex is called the walking reflex. Babies are helpless when it comes to muscle co-ordination and control. Babies cant hold up their head, roll over, sit up, or use their hands to move objects deliberately. Despite their muscular inability, babies have the ability to recognise and interact with people. Babies prefer the sound of human voices to other sounds and soon learn to recognise their mothers voice. Babies are born with the natural ability to sense objects. The sensorimotor stage is a stage when thinking is limited to sensing objects and performing motor actions. Jean Piaget, a Swiss development psychologist believed that a baby would not have a working system for remembering and thinking about the world until babies reach about 18 months old. At around 3 months infants begin to make babbling noises as they learn to control the muscles associated with speech and around 12 months infants begin to imitate sounds made by carers such as ‘da-da’; this develops into the use of single words. At around 2 years infants begin to make two-word statements such as cat goed (using the wrong tense) and the infant begins to build their vocabulary. At around 3 years children begin to make simple sentences such as I want a drink This develops the ability to ask questions but use of the wrong tense still occurs. At around 4 years children begin to use clear sentences that can be understood by strangers. Children can still be expected to make mistakes with their grammar. At 5 years children can speak using full adult grammar. Vocabulary will continue to develop through their whole lives. Social Development for newborn and infants occurs while interacting with carers because they seem to have an in-built tendency to interact with carers. By 2 months they may start smile at human faces, at 3 months infants will respond when adults talk, at five months infants can distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar people. Infants make their first relationships as they form an emotional attachment to carers. In the later stages of infancy, infants will play alongside other children. Bowlby (1953) argued that infants have an in-built need to form an attachment with a carer. The quality of this attachment may affect emotional development for the rest of the child’s life. Childhood During this stage children grow steadily but extremely rapidly during infancy. By the age of six, a childs head will be ninety per cent of adult, even though the body still has a lot of growing to do. Reproductive organs remain small until the onset of puberty. Childrens practical abilities continue: at the age of two, children may be able to run and climb stairs one step at a time, by age four children may be able to kick and throw objects, by age six or seven, a child may be able to skip and ride a bicycle. The pre-operational stage ( pre-logic ages 2-7) is a stage that Piagit believed that children could no think in a logical way. Piagit explained that pre-operational children connot properly understad how ideas like numbers, mass and volume really work. A child might be able to count to 10 but might not understand what the number 10 really mean. For example if there are two, two litre bottes (and the child wasnt aware of both the bottles containing 2 litres) of water and one of the bottles is longer in length and thin by width and the other is short in length and big in width then a child in this stage might say the two litre bottle longer in length is longer because it is simply longer or taller. The concrete operational stage (7-11 years) can think logically provided the issues at hand are simple logical puzzles. For example if you ask a seven year old a question such as Bill is taller then Bob, but Georgia is smaller than Samantha so who is the tallest? they may find it difficicult to mentaiily imagine the information given to them, this is called abstract logical thinking but if the seven year old was given a picture of Bill, Bob, Georgia and Samantha then they would point out quickly who is the tallest, this type of thinking is called concrete logical thinking. Young children are emotionally attached and dependent on the adults that care for them. Children begin to learn social roles and behaviour within their family. This is called first or primary socialisation. A family environment would provide a safe environment which children can explore social relationships with other children such as co-operative play. As childs age increases, the amount of independence coincides. Children also build relationships built on a sense of mutual trust. Friendships become more important as children grow towards adolescence. Even before children reach adolesence they may start to form a circle of friends that share common interests and agree with each other. Children use their imagination to begin to understand the social roles that other people play. Children begin to imagine an idea of themselves or a me. Relationships between family members may influence a childs amount of self-worth. The way way that a child gets on with teachers and friends may influence their self-confidence. These factors can ultimately develop a childs permanent sense of confidence and high amount of self worth or a sense of failure and inferiority. At around 3 years children begin to make simple sentences such as I want a drink This develops the ability to ask questions but use of the wrong tense still occurs. At around 4 years children begin to use clear sentences that can be understood by strangers. Children can still be expected to make mistakes with their grammar. At 5 years children can speak using full adult grammar. Vocabulary will continue to develop through their lives, this is of course unless their mental capacity deteriorates as they reach the end of their lives.