The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde Essays - Films, Novellas

The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Robert Louis Stevenson in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is telling us that we fear the knowledge of our duality so we keep silent. We are afraid of the truth, about ourselves, so we stay quiet. Everyone has a part of himself or herself that they dont reveal to anyone. We are afraid to show it but when it comes out wed rather not talk about it. The author shows knowledge as a very important thing. Now I shall know you again, said Mr. Utterson. It may be useful. This quote is said when Mr. Utterson meets Mr. Hyde for the first time. Another quote that proves this is I wish to see or hear no more of Dr. Jekyll. Lanyon said this after he had seen Mr. Hyde turn into Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Utterson was asking him questions about Dr. Jekyll. Lanyon, you remember your vows: what follows is under the seal of our profession... Lanyon is about to find out about Dr. Jekylls secret. Another pattern that the author shows as being important is fear. Mr. Utterson and Mr. Enfield were walking together and seen Dr. Jekyll in his house. They were talking to him when all of a sudden he started to change into Mr. Hyde. When they saw this they looked at each other, both were pale and had an answering horror in their eyes. I am afraid, I think there has been foul play. Poole says this when he goes and talks to Mr. Utterson about Dr. Jekyll. Also when Mr. Utterson and Poole want to talk to Dr. Jekyll and ask for him but find out that Mr. Hyde is inside they swing an axe at his door. They hear a dismal screech, as of mere animal terror. Another way fear is shown is when Lanyon saw Mr. Hyde turn into Dr. Jekyll. O God and O God again and again. Lanyon said this after what he saw. Another major pattern is duality. You can see duality through out the whole book. One example is Mr. Utterson and Mr. Enfield. Mr. Utterson is very popular around town. He is also involved with the town. On the other hand Mr. Enfield was always quiet and didnt do anything around the town. But they were always together. Another example is Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Dr. Jekyll was a smart, polite, and kind person. While Mr. Hyde was a person who liked to have fun. He was a rude and an evil person. This shows duality because Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was the same person. In the last chapter, the one that Henry Jekyll wrote he says Hence it came about that I concealed my pleasures. He wrote saying that he was holding back. Also in the same letter he says ...I saw that, of the two natures that contended in the field of my consciousness, I was both. In the same chapter he says he had just woke up and looked at his hand and saw something weird. It was the hand of Edward Hyde. Silence. Another thing he wanted us to know was important. I wouldnt speak of this note. Utterson said this when the guest compared the two handwritings of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Also When Dr. Jekyll wrote a note to Mr. Utterson excusing himself when he wouldnt see him The note said ...to lighten this destiny, and respect my silence. Lanyon left a letter to Mr. Utterson. When he opened it there was another letter that said not to be opened till the death or disappearance of Dr. Henry Jekyll. Mr. Utterson was temped to open it but he kept this silent too. Mr. Utterson and Mr. Enfield were walking and they seen Dr. Jekyll start to turn into Mr. Hyde. When they seen this Mr. Enfield only nodded his head, and both walked on once more in silence. Another example is when Poole takes Mr. Utterson a letter from Dr. Jekyll. After they read this Utterson puts this in his pocket and says I would say

Unjust War essays

Unjust War essays But out of the gobbledygook, comes a very clear thing: you cant trust the government; you cant believe what they say; and you cant rely on their judgment; and the the implicit infallibility of presidents, which has been an accepted thing in America, is badly hurt by this, because it shows that people do things the President wants to do even though its wrong, and the President can be wrong. This quote comes from Richard Nixon in the year 1971 while the Vietnam War had another two years of conflict remaining and casualties on both sides were at an all time high. Before my Peace Studies class I knew that popular opinion labeled the Vietnam War as unjust, but I knew very little as to why this was a common sentiment. Over the past few months we have been presented with ample evidence that this war was fought for the wrong reasons against an enemy that had been fighting years before we came. From 1964 when tensions in Vietnam began to mount followed by an escalation of troops, President Johnson questioned the possibility of victory against an enemy as determined and established as the Peoples Army of Vietnam. The Vietnam War was wrong on so many levels: the lower class of America accounted for nearly all of U.S. casualties; we devastated North Vietnam with more bombs than were dropped by all sides in World War II; we completely ignored histories lessons and went into th is war gung-ho with no entrance or exit strategy; and the list goes on. To start with we will look at the most horrific part of war: casualties. In terms of the devastation inflicted upon Vietnam and its inhabitants, I guess you could say we won the war. We had a 17-1 kill ratio among soldiers fighting in the war. 17 Vietnamese soldiers dead for every 1 of ours. Lyndon B. Johnson and the other war criminals that got us into the Vietnam quagmire must have felt it was a fair trade: 17 communists for one c ...

Invasion of Privacy in the UK Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Invasion of Privacy in the UK - Coursework Example Remedies for the invasion of privacy are limited to informational privacy against private parties and broadly against public authorities.   It, therefore, follows that invasion of privacy is not a well-developed remedy in British law as it is restricted as this paper demonstrates.   An examination of the interpretation of Article 8 of ECHR demonstrates that the right to protection from governmental invasion is limited. Moreover, remedies for invasion of privacy under the Data Protection Act are of little use to the ordinary citizen.   Thus there is a need for the Supreme Court to declare a tort of invasion of privacy in the same manner as a right for infringement of other Convention rights can be claimed in tort. The law of privacy is not as developed in the UK as it is in the US.   However, there are remedies for invasion of privacy in the UK against government officials. The Younger Committee first recommended a tort for invasion of privacy in 1972. But the recommendation was rejected primarily on the grounds that imposing a tort for protection against invasion of privacy was difficult when balancing personal privacy against the wider public interest in protecting freedom of expression and the free exchange of information.   However, it is suggested that in a private situation, the free exchange of information and freedom of expression has little public utility as the value obtained from invading the privacy of an individual in private settings is limited. For instance, if an individual takes a photograph of his neighbor without his neighbor’s permission for his own personal use, there is no public benefit for the public and thus, there is no need to balance free expression with the protection of personal privacy.  

LLM Human Rights -International criminal law Essay

LLM Human Rights -International criminal law - Essay Example ncy of international armed conflicts facilitated by the oppressive regimes has not only caused grave violation of fundamental human rights but has also radically spurred the rate of victimization. Although, according to reports, the number of deaths since World War II, has declined significantly, there are still several regions wherein such conflicts have caused wide spread damage and loss of life and property raising the death toll in the process, and all efforts to contain or restrict such conflicts have largely been reported to be unsuccessful1. Such victimization caused by international armed conflicts include genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, extra judicial carnages, persecution, and random arrest detainment etc, which amount to a grave violation of the international human rights law 2. Present-day armed conflicts, are more often than not, occur on account of strain between governments of different nations or in case of non international armed conflicts, between non state actors or minority groups and the governing authorities. The analytical report presented by the U.N. secretary general on the minimum humanitarian standards, state that modern day conflicts are most often, driven by conditions whereby a particular group or groups take up arms against the other in the quest for attaining their own political aspirations and goals, for instance, for seizing control, or creation of self – government for safeguarding the rights of their particular minority groups, or with a view to depose the existing ruling authority and establish their own regime. Some other characteristic factors which give rise to such conflict include situations where the present government has disintegrated or is rendered permanently incapacitated or is disinclined to arbitrate, impede or avert such violence between the armed groups3. Moreover, the types of human rights abuses which occur during such armed conflicts reveal that the civilian population in

The Confessions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Confessions - Essay Example Using mental forces, such as tricks, lies and the instilment of fear in the individual in question, a majority of the police officers lie to suspects as a way to intimidate them, or trick them into saying the truth. Even so, physical force is prohibited in the search for answers, and as the situation presented, it is in consequence arguable that the lies, loudness, and fear-instilling motives of the police officers are completely justified. The usual criminal approaches that are logical and ethical are not fruitful in any given contexts, and so the use of unconventional ways, being as fruitful as it is, is justified for the law, but unjustified for the criminals. The Miranda rights of criminals are not only waived to them, because this is the logically accepted process of interrogation, but rather because suspects are merely suspects. At times, they may be innocent, whereas in other incidences they are guilty of the allegations tabled against them. The Miranda rights of the suspects give him an opportunity to pursue his right to silence, because most of the innocent suspects may incriminate themselves of other crimes that are not part of the investigation. The Miranda rights offer suspects protection from harassment by the law enforcing agencies and agents. The Miranda rights thus prove that a suspect is innocent until proven guilty (Ofra, 2000). A constitutional right awarded to any individual suspected as a strategy to abide by the constitution, and as such, suspects possess rights to securing lawyers prior to answering any questions asked by police officers as their democratic freedom of speech and expression. Criminals in the contemporary society are wiser than they were decades ago. Criminals are able to wipe out evidence of their guilt from the crime scene, and the DNA not matching. This shows that the criminals were either not guilty, or were very wise and tactful in the execution of the crime. Secondly, the suspects displayed signs of guilt all through the entire investigation. The DNA results of the hair and bodily fluids did not equate the victim from having pursued sexual or physical intimacy with another individual prior to the occurrence of the crime. Such occurrences cannot be brushed away mildly on the contention that none of the DNA samples matched up with the four suspects DNA (Ofra, 2000). The questioning of Dick had also raised new information pertaining to the cause, such as the admittance of guilt and the implication of Erick, and the rest of the suspects, who already displayed signs of guilt of the murder of Michelle Boseko. The contention that the suspects committed the crime is because of the confessions by Dick Erick, Williams and the other party made, as a way to take away guilt from their consciousness. According to William’s lawyer, no one can admit to a crime that was not committed, and with all suspects confessing to murder, none of the parties involved in the case, from the prosecution to the jury, be lieved that the individuals were innocent. Additionally, with their confessions being critical, the suspects might have committed the crime previously, though it did not lead to the murder of the victim or had the will or desire to commit a crime against the victim. Several other parties might have contributed to the dismissal of the logical evidence presented by the forensics department, which include the jury, the suspects and the lawyers as well. With their clients confessing to crimes that they were purposely instructed not to

Experienced Negative Life Events

Experienced Negative Life Events Proposition no. 6 which states that A person who experienced negative life events can still be able to attain mental wellbeing relates to axiom 2 Positive and negative life events affect mental wellbeing and axiom 3 (A mentally healthy person functions effectively thus feels happy and satisfied) since it implies that using appropriate coping and adaptation skills against the many negative life events, minor, major or extreme life events, the older person still has a great chance attaining mental wellbeing, to be able to function normally despite physical and cognitive decline therefore making the older person happy and satisfied. During the normal process of aging, the older people encounter stressors or negative life events that may trigger both appropriate and distorted emotional responses. Two of the most stressful unplanned life events include declines in health and loss of loved ones. It may result to distress and a sense of helplessness due to physical deterioration in function, such as blurred vision and hearing difficulty; adjustment and difficulty after retirement, resulting to loss of financial independence, feeling of emptiness for lack of life goal, etc.; social isolation, and feelings of out of touch with the world owing to the rapid changing environment; loss of confidence and self worth; misconception that family members and society no longer respect them; and a sense of loneliness as adult children leave the family. In addition, chronic strains may also impact the older adult; for example, strains within the community, in relationships, or in the older persons immediate environment are all str essors. Most older people are able to adapt to these changes and maintain their well-being by utilizing and organizing their personal and environmental resources. These include coping skills, social support, and maintaining a sense of control. A mentally healthy older adult has the ability to interact positively with internal and external environment, can adapt and cope up from the negative life events. As the World Health Organization (2001) defines mental health as the state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities. He can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community (Tameside and Glossop, 2011). According to Ebersole, et.al (2004), it is difficult to define mental health of an elderly because the differentiation of personality throughout the life span is escalating which may have resulted to idiosyncratic and sometimes eccentric adaptation in late life. As the person grows older, faced with particular situations, it accentuates a certain aspect of personality and appearance which make the person uniquely himself because he is strengthened with the accumulation of life experiences. Such personality characteristics maybe negative like being crusty, disagreeable, grouchy or grumpy which is however considered adaptive. A good example would be a cantankerous old man who utilizes his coping skills against with his severe illness and stoically protecting others from awareness of his pain might be manifesting a mentally healthy person. Therefore, Ebersole, et.al (2004) best described mental health in elderly as being measured by the capacity to cope effectively with relationships an d environment and by the satisfaction experience in doing so. If the environment provides the potential for mental health, then the only criterion for mental health is the persons response to the environment. The same connotation given by Zanden, et.al (2000) as he identified two (2) elements of mental health namely: (1) From a social perspective, mental health involves peoples ability to function effectively in their social roles and to carry out the requirements of group living; (2) From a psychological perspective, mental health involves a subjective sense of well being such as happiness, contentment and satisfaction. Moreover, the qualitative study of Moyle, et.al (2010) about Older people maintaining mental well-being through resilience is a good example of a mentally healthy older adult who is able to manage and cope well with the adversities. The older people in the study identified their negative life changes categorized by the following four themes: 1) Social Isolation and Loneliness, 2) Social worth, 3) Self-determination, and 4) Security. When the researchers asked the older-participants to discuss strategies that they used to maintain well-being through resilience, their responses were categorized under six themes. These are: 1)Keeping active; 2)Relationships; 3)Community connections; 4)Practical coping; 5)Emotional coping; and 6) Spiritual coping. Physical activities, mentally stimulating activities and meaningful activities are the identified activities of the participants inorder to be always active which enhance mental health and well-being. They reported keeping mentally active through continued learning, new interests or novel activities, as well as mentally stimulating games and through volunteering. Older people also identified that the more challenging activities can enhance well-being by giving a sense of accomplishment and achievement. Another approach which the participants expressed is being involved and maintaining healthy family contacts because this relationships could enhance well-being in older people just like the active and frequent presence of grandchildren. In addition, when participants felt able, taking on a caregiving role was another way maintaining well-being through relationships. The other strategy reveals the strength of community connections for maintaining well-being. Older people report that the ir health is maintained through continued and constant contact with all age groups and members of the community. For many participants, the key is to interact as part of the wider community and not isolating oneself according to age group. Another category of approaches used by older people in order to maintain well-being were those which used practical based coping strategies to minimize the effects of aging on well-being. The participants reported using practical focused coping strategies such as setting goals or planning for the future. This also includes financial planning and creating budgets to maintain financial security. While for other participants, actively minimizing responsibilities is one way to maintain well-being. Utilizing emotional coping strategies is another approach to enhance mental wellbeing. While distraction and occupation were considered to be important ways of maintaining wellbeing others reported altering goals or standards according to ones age as a way to maintain well-being. Comments frequently centered on being realistic and reasonable when considering the limitations and expectations of later life. For others not focusing on age and acceptance of older age were key approaches to assist in sustained well-being. However an important aspect of acceptance was not to give up on doing things that are enjoyable because of aging such as to think positively or maintain a sense of humor. The final approach highlights spiritual strategies used by some older people in order to maintain well-being. In a study of quality of life and Jewish older people in South Africa, over half of the participants felt that as they grew older, religion played an increasingly important role in their lives. Self-concept as mentioned in proposition no. 4 is an important factor that would help view the negative life events positively resulting to better coping skills. Self-concept is also evident when older person comments on major events in his life, he was engaging in a special form of reminiscence called life review calling up past experiences with the goal of achieving greater self-understanding. Older adults who participate in counselor-led life review report increased self-esteem, greater sense of purpose in life, and reduced depression. At the same time, when they relate about themselves, elders have accumulated a lifetime of self-knowledge, leading to more secure and complex conceptions of themselves. Their autobiographical selves emphasized coherence and consistency, despite physical, cognitive, and occupational changes. So when an older adult who shows firm and multifaceted self-concept which allowed for self acceptance is a key feature of integrity. Moreover, a flexible, optimistic approach to life, which fosters resilience in the face of adversity, is common in old age. Being resilient, the elderly gain in agreeableness, becoming increasingly generous, acquiescent, and good-natured well into late life. Agreeableness seem to characterize people who have come to terms with life despite its imperfections- greater acceptance of change an attribute the elderly frequently mention as important to psychological well being. When asked about dissatisfactions in their lives, many older adults respond that they are not unhappy about anything. Acceptance of change is also evident in most elders effective coping with the loss of loved ones, including death of a spouse. The capacity to accept lifes twists and turns, many of which are beyond ones control, is vital for adaptive functioning in late adulthood. Most older adults are resilient, bouncing back in the face of adversity especially if they did so earlier in their lives. And older persons heightened capacity for positive emotion contributes greatly to their resilience (Zanden, 2000). Therefore, if the older adults are recalling past positively revealing a lifetime of self-knowledge, leading to more secure and complex conceptions of themselves and is resilient have arrived at a sense of integrity and they would feel whole, complete, and satisfied with their achievements. They have adapted to inevitable triumphs and disappointments and realize that the paths they followed, abandoned, and never selected were necessary for fashioning a meaningful life course. Another measure for the older adult to consider inorder to successfully adapt and manage negative life events is for him to take initiatives in doing activities. This relates from the study of Steverink, Lindenberg and Slaets (2005) who define taking the initiative as the ability to take initiatives or to be agentic (self-organizing, proactive, self-reflecting and self-regulating). This ability, although closely related to self-efficacy, Deci and Ryan (1995) considered taking the initiative to be a separate ability, because the belief in ones competence is not automatically linked to the motivation to use ones competence. Thus it is hypothesized that taking the initiative with regard to important resources, as opposed to being or feeling passive, dependent or fatalistic, is necessary for the achievement and maintenance of wellbeing. With aging, as a consequence of losses in resources, together with decreasing opportunities and challenges, there may be a decline in the rate and range of self initiated behavior and an increase in dependency (Baltes 1996). The general construct that has been the focus of most research on this aspect of adaptive behavior is autonomy vs dependency. For example, it was found that nursing home residents who experienced greater autonomy reported less depression and higher self-esteem, life satisfaction, meaning in life, general health and psychological adjustment (Vallerand and OConnor 1989). Similarly, in nursing home residents, Kasser and Ryan (1999) found out that greater autonomy in daily activities predicted decreased mortality over a 1-year period. The initiative of the elderly to be always active and involved in social activities prevent mental depression. This way, it avoids the elderly population from thinking negatively and becoming pessimistic which contributes to health problems especially mental illness. However, the elderly should not limit itself to social activities, but he should be involved in variety of resources called multifunctionality. Well-being is about being emotionally healthy, feeling able to cope with normal stresses, and living a fulfilled life. It can be affected by things like worries about money, work, your home, the people around, and the environment. Well-being is also affected by a feeling of having control of your life, feeling involved with people and communities, and feelings of anxiety and isolation (Coggins Cooke, 2004). Axiom number 2 stresses then that there are multifunctional resources/factors, internal or external that would influence the person to reach and attain mental wellbeing. Nieboer, A. Lindenberg, S. (n.d.) described multifunctional resources as the resources or activities or factors that serve multiple aspects of wellbeing (e.g. social and physical wellbeing) simultaneously and in a mutually reinforcing way. Because of this mutual reinforcement, multifunctional resources are of special importance for the realization of wellbeing. Therefore, the ability to maintain or regain multifunctional resources is important for wellbeing in ageing. A spouse, for instance, is often a multifunctional resource. Interacting with a spouse fulfills the need for affection, and at the same time fulfills the need for activation. Another example of multifunctionality is having dinner (fulfilling the need for food) with friends (fulfilling the need for affection). With aging added by Riley and Riley (1994), there may be a decline in multifunctional resources and activities, due to the loss of a partner or close friend, and also because of a decrease in opportunities to part icipate in occupational and other formal settings. Such settings often offer opportunities for multifunctionality through interaction with colleagues and by performing tasks that yield reinforcing physical and social rewards. Because multifunctional resources or activities are hypothesized to yield more overall wellbeing than unifunctional activities or resources, the loss of these opportunities is therefore expected to have a particularly negative impact on wellbeing. Moreover, it is often hard to substitute or compensate the loss of a multifunctional resource. For instance, the loss of a spouse and subsequent widowhood, which is a common experience in later life especially for women, often has a broad impact on different aspects of wellbeing, because the loss of the spouse often involves the loss of other relationships as well. Other empirical evidence for the importance of multifunctional resources or activities for overall wellbeing is found in studies that show both higher leve ls of wellbeing and increased longevity in older people who remain socially active and productive (Nieboer Lindenberg, n.d.). However, it is believed that if these multifunctional resources and strategies have been taught and develop at an early stage then obtaining mental wellbeing would not be difficult to attain. An elderly who has a loving, close family relationship and full support from them from childhood to adulthood, the elderly will have a positive outlook in life thus living a fulfilled, happy and contented and complete life will eventually reach the stage of integrity hence attain mental wellbeing. Investment of behavior is another factor inorder to attain mental wellbeing. This relates to the famous adage which states continue doing good because in the end you will reap a harvest full of blessings would also mean doing something good in your life even in the earlier stage of life is an investment behavior which resulted to increase longevity. The investigation made by Steverink, Lindenberg and Slaets (2005), found that the investment of behavior is important for achieving stability in resources and the maintenance of wellbeing in the longer term. Therefore, it is hypothesized that a certain amount of investment behavior is important for the realization and maintenance of wellbeing, even with increasing age and a declining time-horizon. Without investment behavior there will be a decline in resources and wellbeing. With aging, this ability may decline as a consequence of a decreasing time-horizon and the loss of external resources and opportunities. It has, indeed, been found t hat older individuals become ever more present-oriented, and have a less extended future perspective than younger people in general. Yet, when older individuals are able to maintain a certain amount of investment behavior, this clearly will have a positive effect on their overall wellbeing. For example, proactive prevention activities in older people have positive consequences for longevity, as well as for indicators of subjective wellbeing. Although there are only a few studies that have investigated investment behavior in aging individuals, other studies have closely examined related aspects of future orientation and planning in older people. It has been found that older people who maintain a future orientation, and also plan for the future, report higher levels of life satisfaction (Prenda and Lachman 2001). Moreover, Isaacowitz and Seligman (2002) supported that a positive future orientation was found to predict affective adaptation (Nieboer Lindenberg, n.d.). Furthermore, there are more coping and adaptation strategies that can be used inorder to attack negative life events as reflected in axiom 2. The measures/strategies discussed previously were indeed a good tips inorder to maintain mental health more especially if the older adult is optimistic, with positive self-concept and self-esteem, he can easily face the negative life events with confidence, happy and contentment. Axiom no. 3 (A mentally healthy person functions effectively thus feels happy and satisfied) will never be difficult to attain if the elderly views aging positively despites its cognitive and physical decline, this will never be a hindrance inorder to attain happiness and life satisfaction as measurements of mental wellbeing. It was never true that attaining mental wellbeing means having no diagnosed illness nor physical disabilities, what is important is the development of ones potential, work productively and creatively, how strong and positive relationships are built with others, and how to contribute something to the economy. As Baltes Baltes (1990) accentuates that successful aging, is not based on den ial of real losses in functioning in the last stage of life but rather it encourages older people to optimize the capacities that remain while compensating for inevitable losses. A report of Mroczek Kolarz (1998), documented that older adults do not appear unhappier compared to middle-aged or younger persons even though they experienced declines in physical health, deaths of peers and spouses, and other objective rigors that accompany aging (Baltes Baltes, 1990; Brandtstadter Greve, 1994; Filipp, 1996; Staudinger, Fleeson, Baltes, 1998). As a result of hardships in life, it was expected that they would have lower levels of happiness but it was not so. Their well-being seems to be unaffected by the adverse contexts brought on by the aging process (Borgatta Fbss, 1979; Cameron, 1975; Haug, Belkgrave, Gratton, 1984; Herzog, Rodgers, Woodworth, 1982; Larson, 1978; Schulz, 1985). Also, Zanden, et.al (2000) cited that Erikson during his late adulthood, demonstrated a life of ego in tegrity. At age 87, he continued to publish books relating to old age, his last work found out that some older adults live hopeful, productive lives, despite failing health and alertness; while others were relatively robust, although sometimes giving in to loneliness, narcissism, and despair (Woodward, 1994). The Social Production Function (SPF) Theory explains the two (2) types of older adults. According to the theory, success in obtaining the goals of affection, behavioral confirmation and status for social well-being, and comfort and stimulation for physical well-being resulted to subjective wellbeing. People have their own multiple means for achieving these goals by using a variety of means or resources simultaneously, should there be a case in which their goals cannot be achieved, they will build buffers against the loss of subjective wellbeing, although people have differences in buffer formation but people are resourceful in substituting across different life-domains and diff erent forms of well-being. This is confirmed from the study of Steverink (2001) among older adults (Nieboer Lindenberg, n.d.). Relating it to the observation of Erikson some older adults though relatively robust but still give in to loneliness, narcissism and despair, this maybe due to how they deal with their negative life events, how they make use of their coping and adaptation skills, or their buffer system or multifunctionality resources. The implication of the above scenarios portray that the negative life events were never considered as obstacles in attaining mental wellbeing. When appropriate skills are used in attacking adversities in life, there is a great chance of achieving happiness and life satisfaction. As Field (2009) expresses in his words mental wellbeing is not simply as having absence of diagnosed illness, disability or dissatisfaction but the individual must acquire social qualities of confidence, optimism about the future, a sense of influence over ones own destiny, and the social competences that promote satisfying and supportive relationships with other people. It also critically involve the resilience needed to deal with hard times whenever they occur inorder to function effectively so that by then happiness and life satisfaction are possible to reach. Therefore, mental wellbeing involve happiness or contentment, caring for and about others, and the capacity for creative and productive work. Theory Generated As the individuals grow old, people encounter challenges, stresses or adversities in life such as negative life events, it maybe in the form of major, minor or extreme life events. These life events have great impact to the lives of every individual especially on the desire of achieving functioning effectively, happiness and satisfaction or otherwise known as Mental Well being during the late stage of the peoples lives. The theory on Attainment of Mental Wellbeing is being developed because of the belief that despite those negative life events, the individual still manages to adapt and cope from those stressful events thus function effectively and shall have satisfied and happy lives. However, there is no best formula in attaining mental well being because it is believed that there are factors that will act as a barrier in attaining mental wellbeing and at the same time there are also factors that would help mold the individual to have good mental health in order for the person to be fully develop in combating against those negative life events. The study is anchored on the Social Production Function (SPF) Theory which will explain why people is still fairly satisfied with their lives even when they lack important resources such as a paid job or a spouse (Nieboer Lindenberg, n.d.). The same observations made by Erikson when he interviewed older Americans because he found out that some older adults opted to be lonely, narcissistic and desperate though they are relatively in good health. SPF theory asserts subjective wellbeing is ordered hierarchically. The general universal goals which are at the top: Overall subjective wellbeing consists of physical and social wellbeing; then followed by universal instrumental goals (for social well-being, three universal instrumental goals are specified: status, behavioral confirmation, and affection and for the production of physical well-being, two universal instrumental goals have been distinguished: comfort and stimulation (Wippler 1990)) and the lowest level is the layers of means cal led resources. In achieving the overall subjective being, one has to work on it, starting from the lowest level inorder to attain the universal goal. If an older person lacks the necessary resources like work, due to retirement, this doesnt mean its the end of the world. The theory suggests that the older person should make use of a buffer system or multifunctionality resources as their coping and adaptation skills. There is still a big chance to achieve the higher goal which is the attainment of mental wellbeing, hence the theory on Attainment of Mental Wellbeing is being developed. The proposed theory on Attainment of Mental Wellbeing is applicable to all individuals across several lifespan, specifically, among the institutionalized older adults in Por Cristo and in the city and provincial jails (elderly inmates) of Butuan City. The theory suggests basing on the SPF theory, that inorder to battle against their negative life events will make use first of the lowest level of resources before going up to the next level until they will be able to attain mental wellbeing. The theory further suggests that these resources are factors that would affect or influence the person on the extent of his effort, belief, perceptions, coping and adaptation skills towards the attainment of his mental wellbeing. This theory will be tested to determine if the following propositions are true among the institutionalized older adults in Por Cristo and in the city and provincial jails (elderly inmates) of Butuan City: Proposition 1: Mental wellbeing is an optimistic person. Proposition 2: Parents and families have important role in the early initiation of secure attachment to the life of a child influences in the attainment of mental wellbeing across life span. Proposition 3: Several factors and/or resources that work collaboratively inorder to help promote in the attainment of mental well being. Proposition 4: A person with healthy self-concept and positive self-esteem towards life events can attain mental wellbeing. Proposition 5: A person who fully understands the meaning of life with strong sense of spirituality has attained mental wellbeing. Proposition 6: A person experienced negative life events can still be able to attain mental wellbeing using better coping skills and adaptation Conceptual Framework The proposed theory on attainment of mental wellbeing is taken from the idea related to the effect of life events towards the attainment of mental wellbeing and in which there are several factors that will influence the process in the attainment of the goal. Figure 1 illustrates the schematic diagram on the proposed theory called the theory of attainment of mental wellbeing. It shows the independent and dependent variables. Life events surrounded with the influencing factors signify the independent variables, while the effect called the dependent variable is the attainment of mental wellbeing. Mental wellbeing or wellbeing is defined as a dynamic state, in which the individual is able to develop their potential, work productively and creatively, build strong and positive relationships with others, and contribute to their economy (Foresight Report, 2008) while mental health is a state of wellbeing in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work ATTAINMENT OF MENTAL WELLBEING productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community (Word Health Organization, 2007). Both mental health and wellbeing is the core elements of the over-all health which means if his health condition is marked with alteration in thinking, mood or behavior resulting to either distress, impairs ability to function or both (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) is a manifestation that the older person has not attained mental wellbeing which might result to mental health problems such as depression, suicide, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ There are two (2) elements of mental health namely: (1) From a social perspective, mental health involves peoples ability to function effectively in their social roles and to carry out the requirements of group living; (2) From a psychological perspective, mental health involves a subjective sense of well being such as happiness, contentment and satisfaction. Therefore, mental wellbeing is measured in terms of functioning effectively, happiness and contentment or life satisfaction. However, attaining mental wellbeing is not an easy journey because all of us will always encounter different life events. Life events are described as a significant occurrence involving a relatively abrupt change that may produce serious and long-lasting effects. It is considered as stressor in the life of a person because the demands on the person exceed the resources available to meet those demands (Schwarzer, Schulz Berlin, 2001). For older adults, it will be in a form of retirement, death of a spouse or children or friends, lost of income, change of living environment, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ These life events can threaten the wellbeing of an individual thats why life events are most often considered as obstacles in reaching the goals. However, depends on the persons capability to face the different life events. The influencing factors that will help attain mental wellbeing can be in form of intrinsic and extrinsic or promotive and preventive factors. Intrinsic factors are the core characteristics needed inorder to easily attain mental wellbeing, such as optimism, self-concept, self-esteem, meaning of life and spirituality. These core characteristics help the individual views the life events positively and produce a direct effect on the attainment of mental wellbeing such as optimism, self-concept, self-esteem, meaning in life spirituality. While the promotive and preventive factors refer to the environmental factors which has indirect effect in the attainment of mental wellbeing, this includes: parental care, like exercise, healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ These factors influenced the individual on the proper choice of coping and adaptation skills when faced with life events especially the negative ones. Older adults must continue to engage in activities, socialize, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ despite their health condition right now. Problem Generated The study aimed to determine the life stories of institutionalized older adults relating to the essence of mental well being in relation to the different life events they encountered. Specifically, it sought answers from the following problems: To identify the significant life events they encountered from childhood up to the present and how they cope up and adapt with that experiences. To determine the different factors that influence their mental wellbeing causing them to be able to surpassed their negative life events. To explore the essence of mental well being and if they have attained it despite the condition/situation of their life right now.

Dysfunction in a World of Order Essay -- Character Analysis, Private W

Carson McCullers â€Å"Reflections of a Golden Eye† is a story about the lives of a six dysfunctional people living on an army post during peacetime. The characters lives are entwined both public and private, but when the private becomes public it reveals a truth that leads to path of destruction. Private Williams is a solitary man full of secrets and desires. Captain Weldon Penderton, a closeted homosexual, and his cheating wife Lenora have a fiery relationship. Major Morris Langdon, who is having and affair with Lenora, lives next door to the Pendertons with his unstable wife Alison and their flamboyant Filipino houseboy Anacleto. McCuller’s writes about these characters as if she can identify with each of their struggles to conform to world around them. She pulls the reader into a world where â€Å"man’s capacity for error, cruelty, guilt, self deception and self- destruction† creates chaos (Dayton 421). McCullers shows the reader a hars h view of low-self esteem and desires while conveying the importance of being true to oneself in order to foster healthy relationships. Many People, who are raised in an environment that do not include interacting with different types of people, often struggle with building relationships with people they don’t know. Private Williams has no social skills; he is an introvert who lives his life in self-imposed isolation even though people on the army post surround him. Williams is much like Mr. Singer’s character in the â€Å"Heart is a Lonely Hunter† for though â€Å"he appears to be fully and actively engaged in life, he too is trapped in his own grotesquerie, unable to establish that vital contact with some other person which would make him fully and recognizable human† (Vickery 21). ... ...eldon. If fact, their selfish affair has had a direct or indirect negative impact on everyone in the story. Lenora and Morris cannot see beyond their primal passions to realize or care about the cause and effect of their infidelity. This is the case of many people who venture outside of the martial commitment. Instant gratification and the lack of control have ruined many marriages. Lenora and Morris’s affair causes tragedies for the rest of the clan. In Conclusion, McCullers story is about six people struggles to conform to a world around them. She shows a world where â€Å"man’s capacity for error, cruelty, guilt, self deception and self- destruction† creates chaos (Dayton 421). McCullers shows the reader a harsh view of low-self esteem and desires while conveying the importance of being true to oneself in order to foster healthy relationships.

Investment theory Essay

The efficient market hypothesis (EMH) is an investment theory that states it is impossible to beat the market because stock market efficiency causes existing share prices to always incorporate and reflect all relevant information. According to this theory, the stock always trade at their fair value on stock exchanges. This makes it impossible for investors to either purchase undervalued stocks or sell stocks for inflated prices. EMH provides that it should be impossible to outperform the overall market through expert stock selection or market timing. The only way an investor can possibly obtain higher returns is through purchasing riskier investments (Answer. com, 2006). Using the EMH theory, this research study will examine the efficiency of the United Kingdom (UK) stock market indices by providing an internal performance comparison between FTSE 250 and FTSE AIM. A total of two hundred (200) companies will be used for the analysis, with one hundred (100) companies from each index, on the basis of trading value from all sectors, using Datastream platform. Two inputs (total sales and EBIT), and two outputs (total capital employed and total assets) will be used to analyse the data from each company. Literature Review Although EMH is deemed the cornerstone of modern financial theory, it has also been highly controversial and much disputed. Critics say it is pointless to search for undervalued stocks or to try to predict trends in the market through either fundamental or technical analysis. A review of related literature however will show that a large body of evidence show support of EMH. While academics point to a large body of evidence in support of EMH, an equal amount of dissension also exists. For example, investors such as Warren Buffett have consistently beaten the market over long periods of time, which by definition is an impossibility according to the EMH. Detractors of the EMH also point to events such as the 1987 stock market crash (when the DJIA fell by over 20% in a single day) as evidence that stock prices can seriously deviate from their fair values. (Answers. com) In finance, the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) asserts that financial markets are â€Å"efficient†, or that prices on traded assets, e. g. stocks, bonds, or property, already reflect all known information and therefore are unbiased in the sense that they reflect the collective beliefs of all investors about future prospects. The efficient market hypothesis implies that it is not possible to consistently outperform the market — appropriately adjusted for risk — by using any information that the market already knows, except through luck or obtaining and trading on inside information. Information or news in the EMH is defined as anything that may affect stock prices that is unknowable in the present and thus appears randomly in the future. This random information will be the cause of future stock price changes.

Talking about Age in the Media

Talking about Age in the Media Talking about Age in the Media Talking about Age in the Media By Maeve Maddox Everyone wants to live longer, but no one wants to be old. –Harry Moody, director of academic affairs for AARP (2012). To me old age is always ten years older than I am. –Bernard Baruch, American financier (1870-1965). About forty-two million Americans are 65 years or older. Advertisers, politicians, and researchers often need to refer to this group, but finding a term that will not insult its members is not easy. Various terms have been suggested with varying degrees of success. Elder, elderly, senior, and retiree are the most common. In Canada, according to what I’ve read in forums, the term elder has connotations of venerable age and wisdom; in the United States, however, people tend to associate elder with disapproving church elders or the word elderly. The decline of the acceptability of the word elder is illustrated by the name change of a travel organization established in 1975 for active Americans 60 and older. The parent organization is still called Elderhostel, but in advertising, the program is now known agelessly as â€Å"Road Scholar.† Even the word retiree is heavy with the connotations of age. These days, the American Association of Retired People (founded 1958) goes by its initials only: AARP. When politicians talk about â€Å"our seniors† in the same breath as â€Å"our children,† mature adults understandably bristle. An article in The Senior Times says that the term â€Å"senior citizen† was coined in 1938 during a political campaign. Its use soars on the Ngram Viewer beginning in the 1940s. According to National Public Radio reporter Ina Jaffe, â€Å"senior citizen† is a term that â€Å"seems to annoy just about everyone.† Recognizing the minefield of age and terms relating to it, The AP Stylebook has this entry for the word elderly: Use this word carefully and sparingly. Do not refer to a person as elderly unless it is clearly relevant to the story. It is appropriate in generic phrases that do not refer to specific individuals: concern for the elderly, a home for the elderly, etc. If the intent is to show that an individual’s faculties have deteriorated, cite a graphic example and give attribution for it. Use age when available and appropriate. Apply the same principle to terms such as senior citizen. Age is one of the realities of life that our culture prefers to deny. It’s unlikely that any term can be found to refer to old people that would not be offensive to someone because in our culture, old age itself is seen as offensive. Perhaps the safest course is to refer to the intended age group in numeric terms: between the ages of 65 and 75 above the age of 65 septuagenarian octogenarian nonagenarian centenarian Colloquial synonyms for â€Å"old person† range from friendly to deliberately hurtful, for example: old-timer oldster codger dotard crone coot Although the word codger (like coot) usually has a negative connotation, this review about Dick Van Dyke in the Chicago Tribune (1992) makes a kind of compliment of it: The wonderfully funny Dick Van Dyke, insufficiently honored in his prime, has now passed into the lovable-old-codger stage. His comic gifts are sharper than ever, and he still dances with grace, style and a naughty insouciance. He is much too good for the quirky-old-coot roles that are his lot nowadays. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 Idioms with Heart50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and FingersComma Before Too?

buy custom Children Obesity essay

buy custom Children Obesity essay Obesity is a health condition that results from excess accumulation of excess fats in the body. Obesity is a common ailment in this century and is most prevalent among children. Due to obesity, the life expectancy of children is significantly reduced. This is because it causes a lot of health problems; for example, diabetes, heart failure and breathing difficulties due to accumulated dietary calories among other complications. Many people assume that obesity is caused by excessive eating; however, this is not always the case. Obesity is sometimes caused by genetic inheritance, medication, slow metabolism and endocrine disorders (Kiess Marcus, 2004). Although previously viewed as a symbol of wealth and fertility, obesity has disastrous effects on society and should not be taken lightly. Over the years, the number of obese children has risen due to the changed lifestyle and genetic integration. The greatest and most traumatic effects of obesity in children are the risk of heart failure among other ailments. This is because it limits the lifespan of these obese children, hence wiping out future generations in the society. As a result, only the weak and old are left to enhance development and growth economically in the society. The problems that are likely to occur in these childrens livs is; early puberty, cancer, high blood pressure, diabetes and other eating disorder like asthma and anorexia. Moreover, the obese childrens parents are forced to incur massive medical bills to tender to their medical conditions (Pa%u0159zkov Hills, 2005). Due to overweight in obese children, they feel isolated and are not involved in activities such as sports and music. These children grow with a negative attitude towards life, and unless there is help from a psychologist the child may end up hating himself/herself forever. There have been several reports of obese children committing suicide (Waters, Seidell Swinburn, 2010). One of the pressure facing obese children is the fact that they are considered abnormal and that they deserve exceptional treatment. This makes them feel as if they are living in their own world. The attitude in obese family is linked to their children making them give up on life at a very tender age. This has contributed to the increase in number of the obese people since they do not take responsibility of fighting obesity by taking the required measures to control it. Socially, obese children have issues with their self esteem, and this denies them their childhood happiness as they are stigmatized by their peers. This makes themm withdraw socially from others in the society. Researchers surveyed over 15000 children under the age of 8-11 and discovered that most of the obese children are nervous and sad. This has profoundly affected their psychological growth and lead to their loss of appetite. People usually think that obesity is an abnormal health condition caused by excessive eating but this is not the case. Obesity is the condition where the body has accumulated too much fat because of an unbalanced diet or taking too much carbohydrate (Flamenbaum, 2006). Although scientists have invented medication for children over the age of 16, they have still not yet discover drugs to cure obesity or control the rate of obesity for children under the age of 16. In conclusion, research studies the weight of a person rely heavily on genes, social class, environmental condition, cultural beliefs, and behavioral element in a person. It is also proven that, obesity is as a result of energy imbalances in the body. Majorly, people eating a variety of food full of calories and not engaging in any physical activity to burn the calories are more likely to pass obese genes to their children. However, families with a history of obese conditions are advised to control it by exclusively breastfeeding their children and providing a balanced diet to the children at their early age. Buy custom Children Obesity essay

Will Current Developments in Energy-Efficient Technologies be able to Essay

Will Current Developments in Energy-Efficient Technologies be able to address Concerns over Natural Resources Depletion - Essay Example Improving energy efficiency in the economy will lead to energy savings. Rising energy prices makes it necessary for business entities and household consumers to adopt efficiency in energy consumption (Blair, John and Gowan, 1993). Energy efficiency refers to both improvement in technology and changes in behavior. The paper evaluates whether current developments in energy-efficient technologies will be able to address concerns over natural resources depletion and if there is a need to adopt different routes for attainment of these objectives. DISCUSSION Several methods of increasing energy efficiency are being implemented in developed countries of the world. The potential of these methods, according to Kounetas and Tsekouras (2010) is to reduce consumption of fossil fuels through improved energy efficiency in buildings, transport and industrial processes is 17 to 33%. Key innovations in energy efficient technologies which can be adopted on wide scale are discussed below: ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN INDUSTRY many industrial processes require large amounts of heat and mechanical energy, which is mostly generated by fuel and electricity. In addition, some industries produce fuel from waste. Since the industrial processes are so varied, there are numerous ways to increase efficiency. They are often based on the specific technologies and processes of each industrial plant.   There are some typical processes and energy services, which are found in the industry very often (Kounetas and Tsekouras, 2010). Conventional electricity generation by  steam power plants, which escapes from the heat produced as waste heat is typically at least 30% to 60% efficient at best.  Efficiency of this industrial process has been improved in recent years through  combined utilization of heat and power, are used both for heat and electricity, it uses up to 90% of the energy. Improved boiler and burner can operate at higher temperatures and burn less fuel at the same time.  T his makes them more efficient at lower  pollutant emissions.  Another method adopted to increase efficiency is the use of  porous burners  and suitable  catalysts (Mulder, 2005). These reduce combustion temperature resulting in lesser formation of  nitrogen oxides  and lower enthalpies  consumed through which considerable amount of heat energy can be saved that increases energy efficiency. In industrial processes, many electric motors run at constant speed. Adoption of energy efficient technology in this process involves installation of an electronic  speed controller to  adapt energy output of the motor to the load.  This can help achieve energy savings of 3% to 60% depending on the type of engine use (Thiruchelvam, Kumar and Visvanathan, 2003). Industrial processes also use  compressors to create  compressed air  for production of tools, sand blasters and sprayers.  The energy efficiency of this technology is being improved by 20 to 50% through the in stallation of speed controller and sealing  of leaks  through of preventive maintenance (Mulder, 2005). Automation one of the major utilization of energy at global level is for transportation through automobiles.  Energy efficient technology is being adopted in this sector of energy consumption as well. This energy efficient technology replaces the usual internal combustion engine vehicles to create environmentally friendly electric-car (Blair, John and Gowan, 1993). These electric-cars can be recharged at special charging stations.  Such an approach to energy usage considerably solves the problem of a low efficiency of hydrocarbon engine by

The Magna Carta and the Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Magna Carta and the Constitution - Essay Example Magna Carta also protected certain rights of the King’s subjects which includes due process. The Magna Carta also provided the framework of the idea of a â€Å"law† that cannot be altered by a ruler or any of his any acts which is now embedded in the Constitution of the United States and many countries. Perhaps this is the most important concept of the Magna Carta that was adopted by the Constitution. In the original document (Magna Carta), it was worded as â€Å"we will not deny or defer to any man either justice or right (Magna Carta). In the Constitution, this â€Å"justice or right† is elaborated as the inalienable right of speech (first Amendment), right to worship, assembly, petition for redress, to be free from illegal search and seizure etch (Hazeltine). Another very important feature of the Magna Carta that was adopted or embedded in the Constitution is the guarantee of these inalienable rights by prohibiting the ruler, or the President or any of his legislative acts to alter or make any law/s that will undermine these inalienable rights. These rights are protected by the Supreme Court whereby any acts or laws made or enacted that will undermine these inalienable rights can be invalidated. The inalienable rights of the subjects or citizens are guaranteed further by the concept of the right to due process contained in the Magna Carta which is embedded in the present Constitution. The right to due process meant that no rights, can be deprived from the subjects or citizens without the process of being heard by a competent court (Gedicks). Specifically, this right is enunciated in the Magna Carta as â€Å"No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions, or outlawed or exiled, or deprived of his standing in any other way, nor will we proceed with force against him, or send others to do so, except by the lawful judgment of his equals or by the law of the land† (The Magna